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A review on grafted, crosslinked and composites of biopolymer Xanthan gum for phasing out synthetic dyes and toxic metal ions from aqueous solutions

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Abstract

Biopolymer Xanthan gum (XG), an exo-polysaccharide obtained from the fermentation of simple sugars by bacteria Xanthomonas campestris under aerobic conditions exhibits interesting properties like biodegradability, high viscosity at a low shear rate and stability under a wide range of temperature and pH. These characteristics properties render it accessible to utilize as a stabilizer, suspending as well as an emulsifying agent in food industries, petroleum and oil refining industries, cosmetic industries, and as an adsorbent in wastewater treatment. However, XG hydrophilicity and water solubility characteristics not only restrict its application domain but also affect its thermal stability during processing. Therefore, the efforts are directed to improve its application spectrum by modifying the physical and chemical characteristics of biopolymer, taking advantage of the presence of different amenable functional moieties in XG. The chemical modifications of XG include the formation of cross-linked polymers, grafting of monomer to base polymers manipulating the functionality by removal/addition of chemical groups. Currently, the emphasis is on the development of XG based grafted/crosslinked bionanocomposites which can be tailored as a noble adsorbent for wastewater treatment for the remotion of toxic metals, coloured synthetic dyes and other industrial effluents from the aqueous medium. The emphasis of present review article is to address the structural, physical characteristics along with the focus on the development of chemically modified XG viz. grafted, crosslinked, nanocomposites, and functionally modified biopolymer. The potential applications of these modified XG polymers for phasing out synthetic dyes and transition metals ions from aqueous systems have been deliberated.

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  1. Department of Chemistry, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deemed to be University, Longowal - 148106, Sangrur, India

    Arshpreet Kaur, Damanjit Singh & Dhiraj Sud

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  1. Arshpreet Kaur
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  2. Damanjit Singh
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Kaur, A., Singh, D. & Sud, D. A review on grafted, crosslinked and composites of biopolymer Xanthan gum for phasing out synthetic dyes and toxic metal ions from aqueous solutions. J Polym Res 27, 297 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-020-02271-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-020-02271-6

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