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Effects of experimental warming and nutrient enrichment on wetland communities at the Arctic’s edge

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Abstract

Global warming-related changes to freshwater ecosystems in Arctic and Subarctic regions have been magnified by nutrient input from increasing waterfowl populations. To gain insight into how these changes might affect ecosystem function, we conducted a mesocosm experiment in the Subarctic by enriching N and P (1 ×, 10 ×, and 20 × treatments) and increasing mean water temperatures ≤ 3°C. We measured responses of two species of larval amphibians, periphyton, and phytoplankton. Wood frog (Rana sylvatica) larvae developed quicker (odds ratio [OR] for 1°C increase = 0.903, 95% CI 0.892–0.912) and were more likely to metamorphose (OR 1.076, 95% CI 0.022–14.73) in warmer waters. Boreal chorus frogs (Pseudacris maculata) also developed quicker with warmer temperatures (OR 0.880, 95% CI 0.860–0.900), despite a non-significant trend toward reduced survival (OR 0.853, 95% CI 0.696–1.039). Periphyton and phytoplankton concentrations increased with nutrient additions, as did size of wood frog metamorphs. Periphyton and phytoplankton did not vary with temperature, but periphyton was limited by tadpole abundance. Our results highlight the potential for non-linear responses to ecosystem change, with species-specific consumer and ecosystem responses that depend on the magnitude of changes.

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Acknowledgements

We thank S. Bishir, K. Mills, K. Thomson, M. Webb, for field assistance and data entry. We are also grateful to all Earthwatch participants who helped maintain experiments and collect data. T. Anderson, J. Burkhart, K. Stemp, and K. O’Donnell provided helpful comments on the manuscript. J.M. Davenport would like to thank J.K. Davenport, L.O. Davenport, and C.E. Davenport for support during the research. Funding was provided from Northern Research Funds from CNSC. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This is contribution number XXX of the U.S. Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI).

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  1. Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, 28608, USA

    Jon M. Davenport

  2. Churchill Northern Studies Centre, Churchill, MB, R0B 0E0, Canada

    LeeAnn Fishback

  3. U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, Missoula, MT, 59801, USA

    Blake R. Hossack

  4. Wildlife Biology Program, W. A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, 59812, USA

    Blake R. Hossack

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Davenport, J.M., Fishback, L. & Hossack, B.R. Effects of experimental warming and nutrient enrichment on wetland communities at the Arctic’s edge. Hydrobiologia 847, 3677–3690 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-020-04392-x

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