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The Influence of Root Exudate Flavonoids on Sulfur Species Distribution in Mangrove Sediments Polluted with Cadmium

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Abstract

To evaluate the influence of flavonoids on the biogeochemistry of sulfur in mangrove sediments polluted with Cd, Avicennia marina individuals were cultivated in rhizoboxes under different concentrations of Cd and flavonoid. The reduced inorganic sulfur concentrations in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere sediments were examined. According to the results, acid-volatile sulfide concentrations in non-rhizosphere sediments were from 12.77 ± 1.01 to 19.21 ± 0.05 umol/g (DW) and significantly higher than those in rhizosphere, and flavonoids increased acid-volatile sulfide concentrations under Cd stress. High Eh (from 103.00 ± 3.21 to 197.33 ± 14.74 mV) and Cd stress in the rhizosphere led to more elemental sulfur formation, and flavonoid applications significantly increased elemental sulfur in both rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere sediments. Chromium-reducible sulfur from the non-rhizosphere was the source of the Chromium-reducible sulfur in the rhizosphere sediments, in addition to acid-volatile sulfide and elemental sulfur in both rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere sediments. In the rhizosphere with high Eh microenvironments, acid-volatile sulfide could be converted into Chromium-reducible sulfur effectively, while its conversion efficiency was significantly lower in non-rhizosphere. In addition, flavonoid applications reduced acid-volatile sulfide to Chromium-reducible sulfur conversion efficiency. In conclusion, flavonoid treatments in mangrove rhizosphere sediments polluted with Cd increased reduced inorganic sulfur concentrations and influenced sulfur biogeochemistry significantly.

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Acknowledgments

This work was jointly funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China (31800429), Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20170540) and the Applied Technology Research and Development Program of Heilongjiang(GA19B104-2). The authors would like to thank Xuexue Yang for her effort in manuscript improvement.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Agronomy College, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China

    Zhang Youli

  2. National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China

    Zhang Youli

  3. Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China

    Li Jian, Leng Zhanrui & Du Daolin

  4. Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Agro-Environment Protection Institution, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, China

    Li Jian

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  1. Zhang Youli
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  2. Li Jian
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  3. Leng Zhanrui
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  4. Du Daolin
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Correspondence to Li Jian.

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Youli, Z., Jian, L., Zhanrui, L. et al. The Influence of Root Exudate Flavonoids on Sulfur Species Distribution in Mangrove Sediments Polluted with Cadmium. Wetlands 40, 2671–2678 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-020-01298-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-020-01298-1

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