Abstract
The strength of rock under combined compression and shear loading has been paid more and more attention, but still lacks a theoretical model that incorporates both compression–shear characteristics and influence of dip angle to estimate the strength of the rock. This work is aiming to solve the issue by combining experimental and theoretical methods. First, in the laboratory, 112 rock samples with different sizes were applied to obtain the dip effect characteristics of strength via combined compression–shear tests. The ratio of compression–shear strength to uniaxial compression strength is called the compression–shear coefficient, which is used to characterize the degree of dip effect. Second, according to the compression–shear load characteristics of inclined rock samples, a strength model was established considering both compression–shear characteristics and dip angle by the Mohr–Coulomb failure theory. This strength model is an extension of the Mohr–Coulomb criterion and was verified by experimental data. The verification results are consistent with experimental results. Finally, the mechanism of dip effect on strength was explained from the resistance to the sliding and stress path of the rock sample. The results show that the dip effect is an inevitable strength weakening characteristic of rock materials under combined compression–shear loading. Compared with the vertical rock sample loaded under pure pressure, the resistance to the sliding of inclined rock samples decreases and the stress path is changed, which reduces the ability of the rock sample to resist external loads, resulting in the decrease of strength.
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Abbreviations
- F :
-
Total force applied the rock sample (N)
- Fn, Fs :
-
Axial force and tangential force of the rock sample (N)
- θ :
-
Dip of the rock sample (°)
- σθ, τθ :
-
Axial compressive stress and tangential shear stress of the rock sample (MPa)
- A :
-
Cross-section areas of the rock sample (m2)
- E, G :
-
Elastic modulus and shear modulus of the sample at a given dip angle (MPa)
- ε, γ :
-
Axial compressive strain and tangential shear strain of the sample at a given dip angle, 1
- d :
-
Displacement between two platens of the WAW-300 (m)
- w, h :
-
Width and height of the sample (m)
- ν :
-
Poisson’s ratio, 1
- σ p :
-
Total load of the rock sample (MPa)
- σθmax, τθmax :
-
Axial maximum compressive stresses and tangential maximum shear stresses at the moment of the rock sample failure (MPa)
- f(θ):
-
Compression–shear coefficient, 1
- a, b, c :
-
Regression coefficients (–)
- R 2 :
-
Correlation coefficient, 1
- σ c θ :
-
Inclined rock sample uniaxial compressive strength or compression–shear strength of rock sample (MPa)
- σ c0 :
-
Vertical rock sample uniaxial compressive strength (MPa)
- σ, τ :
-
Normal stress and shear stress action on any inclined plane in the rock sample (MPa)
- β :
-
Linear inclination angle of stress circle center (°)
- c :
-
Cohesion of rock sample (MPa)
- φ :
-
Internal friction angle of rock sample material (°)
- τ1, τ2 :
-
Resistance to the sliding (MPa)
- p1, p2 :
-
Equivalent confining pressure (MPa)
- μ :
-
Friction coefficient, 1
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Acknowledgements
The authors wish to acknowledge the support from the Special Project of Central Government for Local Science and Technology Development of Hubei Province (2019ZYYD060) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 51574183, no. 51704213).
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Luo, B., Ye, Y., Hu, N. et al. Investigation of Dip Effect on Uniaxial Compressive Strength of Inclined Rock Sample by Experimental and Theoretical Models. Rock Mech Rock Eng 53, 5659–5675 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-020-02234-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-020-02234-9