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The distribution of the transient global amnesia in the province of Ferrara, Italy, a clue to the pathogenesis?

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Abstract

The pathophysiology of transient global amnesia (TGA) is still uncertain. In the province of Ferrara (Fe-province), Italy, given the health organization and the alarming clinical features, the cases of TGA in the resident population virtually correspond to the resident outpatients diagnosed as TGA cases in the ER of the University Hospital of Ferrara. Thanks to this, a retrospective survey identified 35 (14 men, 21 women) first-ever TGA cases in the resident population in 2018 (346,975 inhabitants) giving a crude incidence rate of 10.10/100,000 (95% CI 7.00–14.00), 8.40/100,000 (95% CI 4.60–14.10) for men, and 11.60/100,000 (95% CI 7.20–17.80) for women, a non-significant gender difference. The incident cases of TGA were evenly distributed according to both season and month. The monthly cases of TGA followed the Poisson distribution (goodness-of-fit test: λ = 2.9, χ2 = 2.557, 5 degrees of freedom, p > 0.70). The incidence of TGA in the Fe-province was higher in the highest level of urbanization (21.40/100,000 95% CI 13.10–33.00) than in the lowest one (4.20/100,000 95% CI 1.92–8.00). The incident cases of TGA increased with the level of urbanization (χ2 trend test = 19.940, p < 0.001) and the population density (inhabitants/km2) level (χ2 trend test = 46.684, p < 0.001). Since urbanization is likely involved in stress-related disorders, these findings achieved in a well-defined homogeneous population seem to support the hypothesis of the involvement of stress, maybe in vulnerable individuals, in TGA.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Neurological Clinic, Biomedical and Specialized Surgery Sciences Department of the University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy

    Vittorio Govoni & Caterina Ferri

  2. Clinica Neurologica, Sant’ Anna Hospital, via Aldo Moro 8, 44124, Ferrara, Italy

    Vittorio Govoni

  3. Neurology Unit, University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy

    Edward Cesnik & Elisa Fallica

Authors
  1. Vittorio Govoni
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  2. Edward Cesnik
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  3. Caterina Ferri
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  4. Elisa Fallica
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Vittorio Govoni, Edward Cesnik, Caterina Ferri, and Elisa Fallica. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Vittorio Govoni and all authors commented on previous version of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Vittorio Govoni.

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This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors. All procedures performed in the study were in accordance with the ethical standards and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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Govoni, V., Cesnik, E., Ferri, C. et al. The distribution of the transient global amnesia in the province of Ferrara, Italy, a clue to the pathogenesis?. Neurol Sci 42, 1821–1826 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-020-04696-9

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