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Settling and feeding behavior of sharpshooter vectors of Xylella fastidiosa on plum genotypes resistant to leaf scald disease

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Abstract

Plum leaf scald (PLS) is a serious disease caused by Xylella fastidiosa subsp. multiplex, a pathogenic bacterium transmitted by xylem-sap feeding leafhoppers, commonly named sharpshooters (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae). In Brazil, the development of plum genotypes that apparently are not infected under field conditions has opened new perspectives for disease control based on host plant resistance. For example, PLS incidence on ‘SC13’ and ‘SC7’ genotypes is almost null under field conditions, although ‘SC13’ is infected by graft inoculation. Thus, we hypothesized that the performance of these genotypes in the field may be related to vector behavior. To verify this hypothesis, we investigated the settling preference and probing and feeding behavior of the sharpshooters Bucephalogonia xanthophis (Berg) and Sibovia sagata (Signoret) on the PLS-resistant plum genotypes, ‘SC7’ and ‘SC13’, and on the naturally infected cultivar, ‘Laetitia’. In the settling experiments, ‘SC7’ was less preferred by both vector species. For S. sagata held on ‘SC13’, reduced sap ingestion rates were observed. For B. xanthophis, probing and feeding activities differed between individuals held on ‘SC13’ and ‘Laetitia’. Specifically, duration of the stylet pathway phase, duration of xylem sap ingestion events, and number of interruptions of the xylem phase differed for B. xanthophis held on ‘SC13’ and ‘Laetitia’. The results show that the resistant genotypes affected host plant selection by the sharpshooters and highlight the importance of incorporating vector behavior into studies aimed at identifying or developing X. fastidiosa-resistant genotypes.

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Acknowledgements

This study was financed in part by the ‘Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior’ - Brasil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001. The last two authors received research fellowships from National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)/Brazil. We extend our thanks for the Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) under grant number SFI/12/RC/2289, co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund.

Funding

This research was funded in part by the ‘Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior’ (CAPES) - Finance Code 001. The last author received research fellowships from ‘National Council for Scientific and Technological Development’ (CNPq).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Fitotecnia e Fitossanidade, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Rua dos Funcionários, 1540, Juvevê, Curitiba, PR, 80035-050, Brazil

    Heloisa Thomazi Kleina, Karla Kudlawiec & Louise L. May-De-Mio

  2. Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz/Universidade de São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Avenida Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil

    Mariana B. Esteves & João R. S. Lopes

  3. Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária e Extensão Rural de Santa Catarina (EPAGRI), Rua João Zardo – Vila de Carli, Videira, SC, 80035-050, Brazil

    Marco A. Dalbó

  4. Insight Centre for Data Analytics, School of Mathematics, Statistics & Applied Maths, IDA Business, National University of Ireland Galway, and Universidade de São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Park, Lower Dangan, Galway, Ireland

    Thiago de Paula Oliveira

  5. Instituto Agronômico de Campinas (IAC), Centro de Fitossanidade, Avenida Barão de Itapura, 1481, Botafogo, Campinas, SP, 13020-902, Brazil

    Nathalie Maluta

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  1. Heloisa Thomazi Kleina
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  2. Karla Kudlawiec
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  3. Mariana B. Esteves
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  4. Marco A. Dalbó
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  5. Thiago de Paula Oliveira
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  7. João R. S. Lopes
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  8. Louise L. May-De-Mio
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. The first draft of the manuscript was written by the first author and all coauthors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Heloisa Thomazi Kleina.

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Kleina, H.T., Kudlawiec, K., Esteves, M.B. et al. Settling and feeding behavior of sharpshooter vectors of Xylella fastidiosa on plum genotypes resistant to leaf scald disease. Eur J Plant Pathol 158, 633–644 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-020-02104-8

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