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Enhancing Thermo-Economic Performance of TiO2-Water Nanofluids: An Experimental Investigation

  • Nanomechanics of Low-dimensional Materials
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Abstract

In this study, the thermal and cost performance of TiO2-water nanofluids was investigated. Stable nanofluids were formulated by dispersing TiO2 nanoparticles in water as the base fluid. Thermal conductivity and viscosity of nanofluids were measured at 0.1–1 wt.% over the temperature range 25–65°C. The effects of constituent material properties were also analyzed. Enhancements in thermal conductivity and viscosity of the nanofluid were obtained. Thermal conductivity increased with concentration and temperature rise, whereas the viscosity increased with wt. fraction and decreased with temperature elevation. Thermal conductivity and viscosity were also influenced by material properties. The resultant data were compared with the published models and a wide deviation was observed. New models for thermal conductivity and viscosity of nanofluids with very high accuracy are proposed. Thermal performance based on the measured thermo-physical properties was analyzed. It was observed that nanofluids are suitable for heat transfer. Finally, a cost performance analysis was carried out to inspect the economic feasibility of nanofluids.

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Abbreviations

C :

Cost or price ($/g)

f :

Frequency (Hz)

k :

Thermal conductivity (W/m–K)

K B :

Boltzmann constant (1.3807 × 10−23 J/K)

M :

Molar mass (kg/mol)

n :

Number of experimental runs

N A :

Avogadro number (6.023 × 1023)

P i :

Individual measurement of a parameter

\( \bar{P} \) :

Average of all measurements of a parameter

PPI:

Price-performance index

t :

Time (s)

U p :

Overall uncertainty

U v :

Uncertainty in measurement of individual parameter

V :

Molar volume (m3/mol)

u :

Velocity (m/s)

ρ :

Density (kg/m3)

\( \Phi \) :

wt. fraction (%)

λ :

Wavelength (m)

µ :

Viscosity (cP)

ω :

Weight (g)

bf:

Base fluids

np:

Nanoparticles

nf:

Nanofluids

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Acknowledgement

The authors cordially acknowledge the financial support provided by the Board of Research in Nuclear Sciences (BRNS), Department of Atomic Energy, Govt. of India (Sanction No. 39/14/04/2017-BRNS/34301).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Thermal Research Laboratory (TRL), Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (Deemed to be University), Campus-8, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India

    Sayantan Mukherjee & Purna Chandra Mishra

  2. Institute for Plasma Research (IPR), Bhat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382428, India

    Paritosh Chaudhuri

  3. Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India

    Paritosh Chaudhuri

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  1. Sayantan Mukherjee
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Correspondence to Purna Chandra Mishra.

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Mukherjee, S., Mishra, P.C. & Chaudhuri, P. Enhancing Thermo-Economic Performance of TiO2-Water Nanofluids: An Experimental Investigation. JOM 72, 3958–3967 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-020-04336-9

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