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On the dynamics of unconfined and confined vortex rings in dense suspensions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 September 2020

Kai Zhang Open the ORCID record for Kai Zhang [Opens in a new window]  and
David E. Rival
Kai Zhang*
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ONK7L 3N6, Canada
David E. Rival
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ONK7L 3N6, Canada
*
†Email address for correspondence: zhang.kai@queensu.ca
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Abstract

An experimental study of particle–vortex interactions has been undertaken in suspensions with volume fractions up to $\Phi =20\,\%$. Time-resolved particle image velocimetry measurements using a refractive index matching technique were performed to characterize the formation and evolution of vortex rings in both unconfined and confined configurations. It is shown that vortex rings in dense suspensions are more diffuse, which results in larger vortex cores and lower maximum vorticity. Furthermore, these vortex rings remain stable during their evolution, whereby the primary vortex breakdown and the formation of secondary vortices are inhibited. Although similar to vortex rings generated at lower Reynolds numbers in pure water, further results demonstrate that the vortex-ring circulation and non-dimensional vortex-core radius in dense suspensions remain higher than those in pure water at the same equivalent Reynolds number. Thus, the modification of vortex-ring behaviour in dense suspensions cannot be described solely through a variation in the effective viscosity. Finally, unlike in pure water, the confinement does not impact the non-dimensional vortex-core radius, vortex-ring circulation and maximum vorticity in dense suspensions. This unusual result demonstrates that the dynamics of vortex rings in dense suspensions are strongly insensitive to the effect of confinement.

JFM classification

Vortex Flows: Vortex dynamics Multiphase and Particle-laden Flows: Particle/fluid flow Complex Fluids: Suspensions
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 902 , 10 November 2020 , A6
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

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