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Evaluation of the Physiological Bacterial Groups in a Tropical Biosecured, Zero-Exchange System Growing Whiteleg Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei

  • Environmental Microbiology
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Abstract

To elucidate the individual and multiple roles of physiological bacterial groups involved in biogeochemical cycles of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur, the changes in the abundance of aerobic bacteria (heterotrophs, methane oxidizers, ammonia oxidizers, sulfur oxidizers, phosphate solubilizers, phosphate accumulators) and anaerobic bacteria (total anaerobes, nitrate reducers, denitrifiers and sulfate reducers) were investigated in a biosecured, zero-exchange system stocked with whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei for one production cycle. Key water quality parameters during the 96-day production cycle fell within the normal range for L. vannamei culture. Results of Spearman’s correlation matrix revealed that different sets of variables correlated at varying levels of significance of the interrelationships between bacterial abundances and water quality parameters. The three nitrogenous species (ammonia, nitrite and nitrate) strongly influenced the physiological bacterial groups’ abundance. The strong relationship of bacterial groups with phytoplankton biomass and abundance clearly showed the trophic interconnections in nutrient exchange/recycling. Canonical correspondence analysis performed to assess the total variation revealed that the three dissolved nitrogen species followed by salinity, temperature, phytoplankton biomass and pH collectively accounted for as much as 82% of the total variation. In conclusion, the results of the study revealed that the major drivers that interweaved biogeochemical cycles are the three dissolved nitrogen species, which microbially mediated various aerobic-anaerobic assimilation/dissimilation processes in the pond ecosystem. Considering the pond microbial ecology becoming an important management tool where applied research could improve the economic and environmental sustainability of the aquaculture industry, the findings of the present study are practically relevant.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to acknowledge the Director, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography (CSIR-NIO), for the facilities and encouragement. The authors would like to record the cooperation of the commercial shrimp farm for permitting the fieldwork. Thanks are also extended to anonymous reviewers for improving the quality of the manuscript. This is CSIR-NIO contribution Number 6580.

Funding

EAS acknowledges the University Grants Commission (UGC), India, for providing the Junior and Senior Research Fellowship (RF-83231). Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) for funding the project (PSC 0206).

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Author notes

  1. Mamatha S. Shivaramu

    Present address: Department of Food Protectants & Infestation Control, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570 020, India

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biological Oceanography Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403 004, India

    Elaine A. Sabu, Maria Judith Gonsalves, R. A. Sreepada, Mamatha S. Shivaramu & N. Ramaiah

  2. School of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Goa University, Taleigao Plateau, Goa, 403 206, India

    Elaine A. Sabu

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Correspondence to Maria Judith Gonsalves.

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Sabu, E.A., Gonsalves, M.J., Sreepada, R.A. et al. Evaluation of the Physiological Bacterial Groups in a Tropical Biosecured, Zero-Exchange System Growing Whiteleg Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Microb Ecol 81, 335–346 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-020-01575-w

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-020-01575-w

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