Abstract
This study investigated the effects of pre-deformation reduction and subsequent heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Cu-2.5Be alloy. Twin formation mechanism and the strengthening contribution of boundaries and β particles were analyzed and discussed, and the results indicate that the following relative oriented relationship existed between the β and the surrounding α(Cu): (\(11\bar{1}\))α∥(110)β and [011]α∥[001]β. Meanwhile, the main formation mechanism of annealing twins in Cu-2.5Be alloy is “growth accidents.” Pre-deformation can significantly increase the yield strength of Cu-2.5Be alloy while maintaining good plasticity. The analysis of strengthening contributions indicated that the presence of twins and grain boundaries significantly improved the strength and ductility of the Cu-2.5Be alloy.
References
L. Yagmur, O. Duygulu, and B. Aydemir, Investigation of Metastable γ′ Precipitate Using HRTEM In Aged Cu–Be Alloy, Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 2011, 528, p 4147–4151
Y.J. Zhou, K.X. Song, J.D. Xing, and Y.M. Zhang, Precipitation Behavior and Properties of Aged Cu-0.23Be-0.84Co Alloy, J. Alloys Compd., 2016, 658, p 920–930
R. Monzen, S. Okawara, and C. Watanabe, Stress-Assisted Nucleation and Growth of γ″ and γ′ Precipitates in a Cu–1.2wt.% Be–0.1wt.% Co Alloy Aged at 320 °C, Philos. Mag., 2012, 92, p 1826–1843
B. Wang, E. Wu, Y. Wang, L. Xiong, and S. Liu, Activation Treatment Effects on Characteristics of BeO Layer and Secondary Electron Emission Properties of an Activated Cu–Be Alloy, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2015, 355, p 19–25
D. Zhu, C. Liu, Y. Liu, T. Han, Y. Gao, and S. Jiang, Evolution of the Texture, Mechanical Properties, and Microstructure of Cu-2.7Be Alloys During Hot Cross-Rolling, Appl. Phys. A, 2015, 120, p 1605–1613
D.B. Zhu, C.M. Liu, T. Han, Y.D. Liu, and H.P. Xie, Effects of Secondary β and γ Phases on the Work Function Properties of Cu–Be Alloys, Appl. Phys. A, 2015, 120, p 1023–1026
R.D. Doherty, D.A. Hughes, F.J. Humphreys, J.J. Jonas, D.J. Jensen, M.E. Kassner, W.E. King, T.R. McNelley, H.J. McQueen, and A.D. Rollett, Current Issues in Recrystallization: A Review, Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 1997, 238, p 219–274
F.J. Humphreys and M. Hatherly, Recrystallization and Related Annealing Phenomena, 2nd ed., Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2004
C.L. Daibo Zhu, Haijun Yu, and Tan Han, Effects of Changing Hot Rolling Direction on Microstructure, Texture and Mechanical Properties of Cu-2.7Be Sheets, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2018, 27, p 3532–3543
Y. Guan, C. Liu, Y. Gao, D. Zhu, T. Han, and S. Jiang, Effect of Annealing on Microstructure and Tensile Properties of Cold-rolled Cu-2.7Be Sheets, Mater. Char., 2017, 129, p 156–162
N. Bozzolo, N. Souaï, and R.E. Logé, Evolution of Microstructure and Twin Density During Thermomechanical Processing in a γ-γ’ Nickel-Based Superalloy, Acta Mater., 2012, 60, p 5056–5066
F. Zhang, D. Liu, Y. Yang, C. Liu, J. Wang, Z. Zhang, and H. Wang, Investigation on the Influences of δ Phase on the Dynamic Recrystallization of Inconel 718 Through a Modified Cellular Automaton Model, J. Alloys Compd., 2020, 830, p 154590
S. Xia, H. Li, T.G. Liu, and B.X. Zhou, Appling Grain Boundary Engineering to Alloy 690 Tube for Enhancing Intergranular Corrosion Resistance, J. Nucl. Mater., 2011, 416, p 303–310
F. Shi, P.C. Tian, N. Jia, Z.H. Ye, Y. Qi, C.M. Liu, and X.W. Li, Improving Intergranular Corrosion Resistance in a Nickel-Free And Manganese-Bearing High-Nitrogen Austenitic Stainless Steel Through Grain Boundary Character Distribution Optimization, Corros. Sci., 2016, 107, p 49–59
H. Gleiter, The Formation of Annealing Twins, Acta Mater., 1969, 17, p 1421–1428
S. Mahajan, C.S. Pande, M.A. Imam, and B.B. Rath, Formation of Annealing Twins in f.c.c. Crystals, Acta Mater., 1997, 45, p 2633–2638
B.R. Chen, A.C. Yeh, and J.W. Yeh, Effect of One-Step Recrystallization on the Grain Boundary Evolution of CoCrFeMnNi High Entropy Alloy and its Subsystems, Sci. Rep., 2016, 6, p 22306
C.S. Pande, M.A. Imam, and B.B. Rath, Study of Annealing Twins in fcc Metals and Alloys, Metall. Trans. A, 1990, 21, p 2891–2896
C.S. Pande and M.A. Imam, Grain Growth and Twin Formation in Boron-Doped Nickel Polycrystals, Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 2009, 512, p 82–86
S. Mahajan, C. Pande, M. Imam, and B. Rath, Formation of annealing twins, Acta Mater., 1997, 45, p 2633–2638
V. Randle, Twinning-Related Grain Boundary Engineering, Acta Mater., 2004, 52, p 4067–4081
V. Randle and M. Coleman, A Study of Low-strain and Medium-strain Grain Boundary Engineering, Acta Mater., 2009, 57, p 3410–3421
Y. Gao, Y. Ding, J. Chen, J. Xu, Y. Ma, and X. Wang, Effect of Twin Boundaries on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Inconel 625 Alloy, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2019, 767, p 138361
S.A. Lockyer and F.W. Noble, Precipitate Structure in a Cu–Ni–Si Alloy, J. Mater. Sci., 1994, 29, p 218–226
Y. Tang, Y. Kang, L. Yue, and X. Jiao, Mechanical Properties Optimization of a Cu–Be–Co–Ni Alloy by Precipitation Design, J. Alloys Compd., 2017, 695, p 613–625
X. Guoliang, W. Qiangsong, M. Xujun, X. Baiqing, and P. Lijun, The Precipitation Behavior and Strengthening of a Cu–2.0 wt.% Be Alloy, Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 2012, 558, p 326–330
X. Huang, G. Xie, X. Liu, H. Fu, L. Shao, and Z. Hao, The Influence of Precipitation Transformation on Young’s Modulus and Strengthening Mechanism of a Cu–Be Binary Alloy, Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 2020, 772, p 138592
Y. Lang, G. Zhou, L. Hou, J. Zhang, and L. Zhuang, Significantly Enhanced the Ductility of the Fine-grained Al–Zn–Mg–Cu Alloy by Strain-induced Precipitation, Mater. Des., 2015, 88, p 625–631
Acknowledgments
This study was financially supported by the Natural science foundation of Hunan Province, China (Grant No. 2019JJ50587), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51704258), and the Science and Technology Foundation of Taicang, China (Grant No. TC2019JC04 and TC2019GY19).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Liu, Y., Chen, D., Zhu, D. et al. Effects of Pre-Deformation and Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Cu-2.5Be Sheets. J. of Materi Eng and Perform 29, 5923–5932 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-020-05064-6
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-020-05064-6