Abstract
Laccases are multi-copper oxidase enzymes produced by living organisms such as bacteria, fungi and plants. Laccases are widely used by the industry because laccases are abundant and highly efficient. Laccases isolated from microbial sources are less stable and less active. To improve their kinetic properties and reusability, laccases have been immobilized on various supports. Immobilized laccases have been widely used for remediation such as the degradation of phenols and resistant dyes. Here we review the methods of immobilization of laccases, nanomaterials used for immobilization and applications for the detection and degradation of pollutants.
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Abbreviations
- EE:
-
Encapsulation efficiency
- GAC:
-
Granular activated carbon
- SBA:
-
Santa Barbara amorphous-type material
- PVP:
-
Polyvinylpropylidone
- Cu-NP:
-
Copper nanoparticles
- RA:
-
Residual activity
- CR:
-
Catalytic response
- NA/NG:
-
Not applicable/not given
- MOF:
-
Metal–organic framework
- rGO:
-
Graphene oxide
- FTIR:
-
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
- CNT:
-
Carbon nanotubes
- CNT–CS:
-
Carbon nanotube–chitosan composite
- EDTA:
-
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- Au-NP’s:
-
Gold nanoparticles
- ABTS:
-
2,2′-Azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthaiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)
- ZIF-8:
-
Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8
- MWNT:
-
Multi-walled nanotubes
- SWNT:
-
Single-walled nanotubes
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The authors are grateful to SRMIST, India, for providing tremendous facilities and support to carry out the work. The authors acknowledge Mind the GRAPH for providing a platform for creating good infographics.
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Datta, S., Veena, R., Samuel, M.S. et al. Immobilization of laccases and applications for the detection and remediation of pollutants: a review. Environ Chem Lett 19, 521–538 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-020-01081-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-020-01081-y