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Effects on the Growth and Digestive Enzyme Activity in Nile Tilapia Fry (Oreochromis niloticus) by Lead Exposure

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Abstract

Lead is a metal capable of affecting physiology and metabolism in fish, including Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). However, few studies have evaluated the effects of lead on digestive enzyme activities in fry. At that stage, independent feeding begins, and there is increased demand and consumption of food, so chronic exposure to metal during this stage of development would cause null or minimal growth in organisms. In this study, fry from Nile tilapia was used to evaluate the effects of lead acetate by chronic exposure on the growth and the activities of the digestive enzymes after 30 and 60 days exposures. Four treatment groups 0.025, 0.050, 0.075 and 0.100 mg/L of lead acetate and a lead-free control were established. The activity of enzymes decreased, in the case of acidic proteases after 30 days and lipases after 60 days of exposure, from 0.025 and 0.050 mg/L of lead acetate, respectively. The amylase activity increased in metal-treated, while the chymotrypsin decreased partially at 60 days. Lipases decreasing activity might be causing an increase of triglycerides (lipids) and body mass observed during the first 30 days of exposure. Concentrations, equal to or above 0.075 mg Pb/L, cause significant effects on size and weight of fry, with nearly 54% lower than controls. At chronic exposure and early stage of development, the enzymatic activity is partially reduced along with body weight gain, which would affect subsequent growing and aquaculture production. The digestive enzyme response is discussed as a possible limited biomarker of exposure, to be used in biomonitoring.

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Acknowledgments

The authors appreciate the support given by the biochemistry laboratory of the Academic Division of Biological Sciences of the Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco (DACBIOL-UJAT) to make possible the realization of this research work. G.N-N recognizes the support provided by the PII SNI-UJAT program.

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Funding support was provided by the Biochemistry laboratory of the Academic Division of Biological Sciences of the Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco (DACBIOL-UJAT) and the Programa Institucional de Ingreso al Sistema Nacional de Investigadores (PII SNI-UJAT) through G.N-N.

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  1. Laboratorio de Acuicultura Tropical, DACBIOL Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Carretera Villahermosa-Cárdenas Km. 0.5, 86039, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico

    C. A. Álvarez-González, L. Martínez-Sánchez, E. S. Peña-Marín, R. Guerrero-Zárate, F. Jesús-Ramírez & V. Morales-García

  2. Laboratorio de Hidrobiología y Contaminación Acuática, DACBIOL Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Carretera Villahermosa-Cárdenas Km. 0.5, 86039, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico

    M. Uribe-López & G. Núñez-Nogueira

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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Álvarez-González, C.A., Martínez-Sánchez, L., Peña-Marín. E.S., Guerrero-Zárate, R., Jesús-Ramírez, F., and Morales-García, V. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Uribe-López, M. and Núñez-Nogueira, G., and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to G. Núñez-Nogueira.

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After metal exposure, the fish were sacrificed by induced hypothermia accordingly to the NOM-062-ZOO-1999 protocol, approved by The Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Rural Development, Fishing and Food (SEMARNAT 1999), and under the established guidelines for the management of experimental animals of the Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco (AILAD 2010).

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Álvarez-González, C.A., Martínez-Sánchez, L., Peña-Marín, E.S. et al. Effects on the Growth and Digestive Enzyme Activity in Nile Tilapia Fry (Oreochromis niloticus) by Lead Exposure. Water Air Soil Pollut 231, 477 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-020-04810-9

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