Skip to main content
Log in

Flora of Silica-Scaled Chrysophytes (Chrysophyceae: Synurales, Paraphysomonadales) of the Mekong Delta

  • AQUATIC FLORA AND FAUNA
  • Published:
Inland Water Biology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper presents the first data on the flora of silica-scaled chrysophytes (orders Synurales and Paraphysomonadales) in the delta of the Mekong River (Vietnam). A total of 15 taxa have been identified: nine from the genus Mallomonas, one from Synura, and five from Paraphysomonas. Six taxa are reported for the first time from Vietnam. At most sites, 1–2 species per station are recorded. The maximum diversity (12 taxa) is revealed at the station with salinity >1 g/L. Based on previous floristic studies of silica-scaled chrysophytes in Vietnam, the number of taxa known from the country has been increased to 66. Our studies have expanded the list of species which have tolerance to salinity of about 1 g/L.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.

Similar content being viewed by others

REFERENCES

  1. Barreto, S., The silica-scaled chrysophyte flora of Hungary, Nova Hedwigia. Beih, 2005, vol. 128, p. 11.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Cosslett, T.L. and Cosslett, P.D., Water Resources and Food Security in the Vietnam Mekong Delta, New York: Springer-Verlag, 2014.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  3. Dang, N.T., Ho, T.H., Duong, D.T., and May, D., Hydrobiology in Inland Freshwaters of Viet Nam, Hanoi: Science and Technique Publ., 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Dürrschmidt, M. and Cronberg, G., Contribution to the knowledge of tropical Chrysophytes: Mallomonadaceae and Paraphysomonadaceae from Sri Lanka, Algol. Stud., 1989, vol. 54, p. 15.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Dürrschmidt, M. and Croome, R., Mallomonadaceae (Chrysophyceae) from Malaysia and Australia, Nord. J. Bot., 1985, vol. 5, p. 285.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Dürrschmidt, M., Studies on the Chrysophyceae from South Chilean inland waters by means of scanning and transmission electron microscopy, II, Algol. Stud., 1982, vol. 31, p. 121.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Glushchenko, A.M. and Kulikovskiy, M.S., Taxonomy and distribution of the genus Eunotia Ehrenberg in water ecosystems of Vietnam, Inland Water Biol., 2017, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 130–139. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995082917020055

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Glushchenko, A.M. and Kulikovskiy, M.S., First record of Cymatopleura aquastudia Kociolek & You and C. xinjiangiana You & Kociolek in aquatic ecosystems of Vietnam, Inland Water Biol., 2019, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 254–257. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995082919020068

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Gusev, E.S., A new species of the genus Mallomonas (Synurophyceae), Mallomonas spinosa sp. nov., from Vietnam, Phytotaxa, 2012, vol. 66, p. 1.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Gusev, E.S., Studies on synurophycean algae from mangrove wetlands (Vietnam), Nova Hedwigia. Beih, 2013, vol. 142, p. 87.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Gusev, E.S., A new species of the genus Mallomonas (Synurales, Chrysophyceae), Mallomonas fimbriata sp. nov., Phytotaxa, 2015a, vol. 195, p. 291.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Gusev, E.S., A new species in genus Mallomonas perty (Synurales, Chrysophyceae) from Vietnam, Int. J. Algae, 2015b, vol. 17, p. 351. https://doi.org/10.15407/alg25.04.428

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Gusev, E.S. and Nguyen, T.H.T., Silica-scaled chrysophytes (Chrysophyceae and Synurophyceae) from Vietnam (Khanh Hoa and Quang Nam provinces), Nova Hedwigia, 2011, vol. 93, p. 191. https://doi.org/10.1127/0029-5035/2011/0093-0191

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Gusev, E.S. and Siver, P.A., Mallomonas neoampla sp. nov. from Vietnam, a new species that bridges the gap between fossil and modern taxa, Nova Hedwigia, 2017, vol. 104, p. 521. https://doi.org/10.1127/nova_hedwigia/2016/0389

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Gusev, E.S., Doan, N.H., and Nguyen, N.L., Silica-scaled chrysophytes from Cat Tien National Park (Dong Nai Province, Vietnam), Nova Hedwigia, 2017, vol. 105, p. 347.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Gusev, E.S., Doan, N.H., Nguyen, N.L., et al., Silica-scaled chrysophytes from Cam Ranh Peninsula (Khanh Hoa Province, Vietnam), Nova Hedwigia. Beih, 2019a, vol. 148, p. 63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Gusev, E., Kulizin, P., Guseva, E., et al., Mallomonas lamii sp. nov. (Synurales, Chrysophyceae), a new species bearing large scales described from the tropics, Phytotaxa, 2019b, vol. 423, p. 266. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.423.4.5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Ikavalko, J., Observations on silica-scaled flagellates (Chrysophyceae and Synurophyceae) in the brackish water of Pojo Bay, SW coast of Finland, Ann. Bot. Fenn., 1994, vol. 31, p. 1.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Ikavalko, J. and Thomsen, H.A., Scale-covered and loricate flagellates (Chrysophyceae and Synurophyceae) from Baltic Sea ice, Nova Hedwigia. Beih, 1996, vol. 114, p. 147.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Jo, B.Y., Shin, W., Kim, H.S., et al., Phylogeny of the genus Mallomonas (Synurophyceae) and descriptions of five new species on the basis of morphological evidence, Phycologia, 2013, vol. 52, p. 266. https://doi.org/10.2216/12-107.1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Jo, B.Y., Kim, J.I., Skaloud, P., Siver, P.A., and Shin, W., Multigene phylogeny of Synura (Synurophyceae) and descriptions of four new species based on morphological and DNA evidence, Eur. J. Phycol., 2016, vol. 51, p. 413.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Kapustin, D.A. and Gusev, E.S., Silica-scaled chrysophytes from West Java (Indonesia) including description of a new Chrysosphaerella species, Nova Hedwigia. Beih, 2019, vol. 148, p. 11. https://doi.org/10.1127/nova-suppl/2019/025

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Kim, J.H. and Han, S.K., Seasonal occurrence of silica-scaled chrysophytes in a small eutrophic swamp, South Korea, Nova Hedwigia, 2011, vol. 93, p. 411.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Kristiansen, J., Cosmopolitan chrysophytes, Syst. Geogr. Pl., 2000, vol. 70, p. 291. https://doi.org/10.2307/3668648

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Kristiansen, J., Biogeography of silica-scaled chrysophytes, Nova Hedwigia. Beih, 2001, vol. 122, p. 23.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Kristiansen, J., Golden Algae: A Biology of Chrysophytes, Kӧnigstein: Koeltz Scientific Books, 2005.

  27. Kristiansen, J. and Preisig, H.R., Chrysophyte and Haptophyte algae. Part 2: Synurophyceae, in Süßwasserflora von Mitteleuropa. Freshwater Flora of Central Europe, Berlin: Spektrum Akademischer, 2007, vol. 1/2.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Kristiansen, J. and Škaloud, P., Chrysophyta, in Handbook of the Protists, New York: Springer-Verlag, 2017, p. 331.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Kuenzer, C. and Renaud, F.G., Climate and environmental change in river deltas globally: expected impacts, resilience, and adaptation, in The Mekong Delta System. Interdisciplinary Analyses of a River Delta, New York: Springer-Verlag, 2012, p. 7.

  30. Le, T.C., Checklist of Plant Species of Viet Nam, Ha Noi, 2001, vol. 1.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Le, T.C., Changes in species composition and abundance of phytoplankton in Ea Nhai and Ea Sup reservoirs, Dak Lak Province, PhD Thesis, Dak Lak: Dak Lak Univ., 2010.

  32. Němcová, Y., Pusztai, M., Škaloudová, M., and Neustupa, J., Silica-scaled chrysophytes (Stramenopiles, Ochrophyta) along a salinity gradient: a case study from the Gulf of Bothnia western shore (northern Europe), Hydrobiologia, 2016, vol. 764, p. 187.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Preisig, H.R. and Hibberd, D.J., Ultrastructure and taxonomy of Paraphysomonas (Chrysophyceae) and related genera II, Nord. J. Bot., 1982, vol. 2, p. 601. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.1983.tb01056.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Räsänen, T.A., Hydrological Changes in the Mekong River Basin—the Effects of Climate Variability and Hydropower Development, Helsinki: School of Engineering, 2014.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Sandgren, C.D., The ecology of chrysophyte flagellates: their growth and perennation strategies as freshwater phytoplankton, in Growth and Reproductive Strategies of Freshwater Phytoplankton, Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1988, p. 9.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Scoble, J.M. and Cavalier-Smith, T., Scale evolution in Paraphysomonadida (Chrysophyceae): Sequence phylogeny and revised taxonomy of Paraphysomonas, new genus Clathromonas, and 25 new species, Eur. J. Protistol., 2014, vol. 50, p. 551.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Siver, P.A. and Lott, A.M., Biogeographic patterns in scaled chrysophytes from the east coast of North America, Freshwater Biol., 2012, vol. 57, p. 451.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Siver, P.A., The Biology of Mallomonas. Morphology, Taxonomy, Ecology, Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Siver, P.A., The distribution of chrysophytes along environmental gradients: their use as biological indicators, in Chrysophyte Algae, Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1995, p. 232.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Siver, P.A., Jo, B.Y., Kim, J.I., et al., Assessing the evolutionary history of the class Synurophyceae (Heterokonta) using molecular, morphometric, and paleobiological approaches, Am. J. Bot., 2015, vol. 102, p. 921.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Siver, P.A., Kapustin, D.A., and Gusev, E.S., Investigations of two-celled colonies of synura formerly described as Chrysodidymus with descriptions of two new species, Eur. J. Phycol., 2018, vol. 53, p. 245.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Škaloud, P., Kristiansen, J., and Škaloudová, M., Developments in the taxonomy of silica scaled chrysophytes—from morphological and ultrastructural to molecular approaches, Nord. J. Bot., 2013, vol. 31, p. 385.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Smol, J.P., Applications of chrysophytes to problems in paleoecology, in Chrysophyte Algae, Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2005, p. 232.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Takahashi, E., Studies on genera Mallomonas and Synura, and other plankton in freshwater with the electron microscope X. The genus Paraphysomonas (Chrysophyceae), Br. Phycol. J., 1976, vol. 11, p. 39.

  45. Voloshko, L.N., Zolotistye vodorosli severa Rossii (Golden Algae (Chrysophyceae) of Russian North), St. Petersburg: Renome, 2017.

  46. Wei, Y.-X., Yuan, X.-P., and Kristiansen, J., Silica-scaled chrysophytes from Hainan, Guangdong provinces and Hong Kong special administrative region, China, Nord. J. Bot., 2014, vol. 32, p. 881.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Wujek, D.E. and Saha, L.C., Scale-bearing chrysophytes (Chrysophyceae and Synurophyceae) from India. II, Nova Hedwigia. Beih., 1996, vol. 112, p. 367.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We are grateful to our Russian and Vietnamese colleagues and the administration and staff of the Vietnam–Russia Tropical Center for help in organizing and conducting field studies. We thank the staff of the Center of Collective Use for Electron Microscopy at the Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, for technical assistance.

Funding

The study was carried out as part of the ECOLAN 3.4 international project of the Vietnam–Russia Tropical Center.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to E. S. Gusev.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interests. The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Statement on the welfare of animals. All applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed.

Additional information

Translated by N. Ruban

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Gusev, E.S., Gusakov, V.A., Guseva, E.E. et al. Flora of Silica-Scaled Chrysophytes (Chrysophyceae: Synurales, Paraphysomonadales) of the Mekong Delta. Inland Water Biol 13, 349–357 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995082920020224

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995082920020224

Keywords:

Navigation