Abstract
(Gd1 – xTbx)2O3 (x = 0.04–0.22) films 115 to 150 nm in thickness have been grown on Si and SiO2 substrates by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) using Ln(dpm)3 precursors. After annealing in air at 800°C for removing carbon-containing impurities, the films were sulfided in NH4SCN vapor at temperatures from 700 to 1000°C in an Ar atmosphere until the formation of (Gd1 – xTbx)2O2S oxysulfides. The surface of the films is formed by grains 60 to 200 nm in size. The measured refractive index of the films is 2.2–2.4 and their estimated optical band gap (Eg) is 4.7–5.0 eV. The optical transmission of the films in the visible spectral region (400–750 nm) reaches 78–84%. The highest photoluminescence (PL) intensity in the oxysulfide films produced under identical conditions has been observed at x = 0.05. The blue component of their PL decreases with increasing terbium content and the emission shifts to the green spectral region.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Suponitskii, Yu.L., Kuz’micheva, G.M., and Eliseev, A.A., Rare-earth oxysulfides, Usp. Khim., 1988, vol. 57, no. 3, pp. 367–384.
Cavouras, D., Kandarakis, I., Bakas, A., et al., An experimental method to determine the effective luminescence efficiency of scintillator–photodetector combinations used in X-ray medical imaging systems, Br. J. Radiol., 1998, vol. 71, no. 847, pp. 766–772.
Popovici, E.J., Muresan, L., Hristea-Simoc, A., et al., Synthesis and characterisation of rare earth oxysulphide phosphors: I. Studies on the preparation of Gd2O2S:Tb phosphor by flux method, Opt. Mater., 2004, vol. 27, pp. 559–565.
Lei, B., Liu, Y., Zhang, J., et al., Persistent luminescence in rare earth ion-doped gadolinium oxysulfide phosphors, J. Alloys Compd., 2010, vol. 495, pp. 247–253.
Kumar, G.A., Pokhrel, M., and Sardar, D.K., Absolute quantum yield measurements in Yb/Ho doped M2O2S (M = Y, Gd, La) upconversion phosphor, Mater. Lett., 2013, vol. 98, pp. 63–66.
Yoon, K., Kwak, J.W., Lee, D.H., et al., Development of a 3-dimensional dosimetry system for Leksell Gamma Knife Perfexion, J. Korean Phys. Soc., 2015, vol. 67, no. 1, pp. 33–37.
Wang, X., Wang, X., Wang, Z., et al., Photo/cathodoluminescence and stability of Gd2O2S:Tb,Pr green phosphor hexagons calcined from layered hydroxide sulfate, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 2018, vol. 101, no. 12, pp. 5477–5486.
Borodulenko, G.P., Bykovskii, Yu.A., Kirillovich, A.A., et al., Optical properties of lanthanum oxysulfide single crystals, Fiz. Tverd. Tela (Leningrad), 1987, vol. 29, no. 23, pp. 888–890.
Klaassen, D.B.M., Mulder, H., and Ronda, C.R., Excitation mechanism of cathodoluminescence of solid solutions of oxysulfides, J. Electrochem. Soc., 1989, vol. 136, no. 9, pp. 2754–2756.
Chatterjee, S., Shanker, V., and Ghosh, P.K., Trapping parameters and kinetics in Gd2O2S:Tb phosphor, Solid State Commun., 1991, vol. 80, no. 10, pp. 877–880.
Shanker, V., Chatterjee, S., and Ghosh, P.K., Electroluminescence in Tb3+ doped Gd2O2S phosphor, J. Appl. Phys., 1992, vol. 72, no. 11, pp. 5416–5419.
Issler, S.L. and Torardi, C.C., Solid state chemistry and luminescence of X-ray phosphors, J. Alloys Compd., 1995, vol. 229, no. 1, pp. 54–65.
Kandarakis, I. and Cavouras, D., Experimental and theoretical assessment of the performance of Gd2O2S:Tb and La2O2S:Tb Phosphors and Gd2O2S:Tb–La2O2S:Tb mixtures for X-ray imaging, Eur. Radiol., 2001, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 1083–1091.
Tao, S., Gu, Z.H., and Nathan, A., Fabrication of Gd2O2S:Tb based phosphor films coupled with photodetectors for X-ray imaging applications, J. Vac. Sci. Technol., A, 2002, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 1091–1094.
Chatterjee, S., Shanker, V., and Chander, H., Thermoluminescence of Tb doped Gd2O2S phosphor, Mater. Chem. Phys., 2003, vol. 80, pp. 719–724.
Park, J.K., Choi, S.R., Noh, S.C., et al., Fabrication and evaluation of a Gd2O2S:Tb phosphor screen film for development of CMOS-based X-ray imaging detector, J. Korean Phys. Soc., 2014, vol. 65, no. 3, pp. 351–354.
Wang, F., Yang, B., Chen, X., et al., Color-tunable and upconversion luminescence of Gd2O2S:Er,Tb phosphor, Mater. Chem. Phys., 2016, vol. 169, pp. 113–119.
Michail, C., Valais, I., Fountos, G., et al., Luminescence efficiency of calcium tungstate (CaWO4) under X-ray radiation: comparison with Gd2O2S:Tb, Measurement, 2018, vol. 120, pp. 213–220.
Shanker, V., Ohmi, K., Tanaka, S., and Kobayashi, H., Gd2O2S:Tb phosphor thin films grown by electron beam evaporation and their photoluminescent and electroluminescent characteristics, IEICE Trans. Electron., 1998, vol. E81C, no. 11, pp. 1721–1724.
Steblevskaya, N.I., Medkov, M.A., and Belobeletskaya, M.V., Luminophores and protective coatings based on oxides and oxysulfides of rare-earth elements prepared by extraction pyrolysis, Theor. Found. Chem. Eng., 2014, vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 449–453.
Amano, R. and Shiokawa, Y., Preparation of lanthanide sulfide films by chemical vapor deposition using β-diketone chelates, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. Lett., 1991, vol. 155, no. 3, pp. 201–210.
Bakovets, V.V., Sotnikov, A.V., and Korolkov, I.V., Kinetics of phase formation in the Ln–O–S (Ln = La, Gd, Y) systems during oxide sulfidation in ammonium thiocyanate vapor, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 2017, vol. 100, no. 4, pp. 1320–1329.
Bakovets, V.V., Levashova, T.M., Filatova, I.Yu., et al., Vapor phase growth of nanostructured yttrium oxysulfide films, Inorg. Mater., 2008, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 67–69.
Bakovets, V.V., Belaya, S.V., Lobzareva, M.N., and Maksimovskii, E.A., Kinetics of terbium oxide film growth from Tb(dpm)3 vapor, Inorg. Mater., 2014, vol. 50, no. 6, pp. 576–581.
Sievers, R.E., Eisentraut, K.J., and Springer, C.S., Volatile rare earth chelates of β-diketones, Lanthanide/Actinide Chemistry, Gould, R.F., Ed., Advances in Chemistry Series, no. 71, Washington, DC: Am. Chem. Soc., 1967, pp. 141–154.
Belaya, S.V., Bakovets, V.V., Boronin, A.I., et al., Terbium oxide films grown by chemical vapor deposition from terbium(III) dipivaloylmethanate, Inorg. Mater., 2014, vol. 50, no. 4, pp. 410–417.
Powder Diffraction File, Inorganic Phases, Kabekkodu, S., Ed., Newtown Square: International Center for Diffraction Data, 2010.
Baer, S., Scheife, H., Petermann, K., and Huber, G., Sesquioxides as host materials for rare-earth-doped bulk lasers and active waveguides, Rare Earth Oxide Thin Films, Fanciulli M. and Scarel, G., Eds., Topics in Applied Physics, vol. 106, Berlin: Springer, 2007, pp. 401–422.
Bashkirov, S.A., Gremenok, V.F., and Ivanov, V.A., Physical properties of SnS thin films fabricated by hot wall deposition, Semiconductors, 2011, vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 749–752.
Da Silva, A.A., Cebim, M.A., and Davolos, M.R., Excitation mechanisms and effects of dopant concentration in Gd2O2S:Tb3+ phosphor, J. Lumin., 2008, vol. 128, no. 7, pp. 1165–1168.
Mikhitar’yan, B.V., Luminescence spectra of Gd2O2S–Tb2O2S and Y2O2S–Tb2O2S solid solutions, Extended Abstract of Cand. Sci. (Phys.–Math.) Dissertation, Stavropol, 2007.
Flores-Gonzalez, M.A., Ledoux, G., Roux, S., et al., Preparing nanometer scaled Tb-doped Y2O3 luminescent powders by the polyol method, J. Solid State Chem., 2005, vol. 178, no. 4, pp. 989–997.
Sharma, R.N. and Rastogi, A.C., Compositional and electronic properties of chemical vapor deposited Y2O3 thin film Si(100) interfaces, J. Appl. Phys., 1993, vol. 74, no. 11, pp. 6691–6702.
Kiryakov, A.S., Piryazev, D.A., Tarasenko, M.S., and Naumov, N.G., Crystal structures of new chalcogenide-containing yttrium orthosilicates Y2SiO4Q (Q = S, Se), J. Struct. Chem., 2018, vol. 59, no. 3, pp. 635–640.
Pomelova, T.A., Bakovets, V.V., Korol’kov, I.V., et al., On the abnormal efficiency of the luminescence of submicron-sized phosphor Y2O3:Eu3+, Phys. Solid State, 2014, vol. 56, no. 12, pp. 2496–2506.
Anan’eva, G.V., Gorokhova, E.I., Demidenko, V.A., et al., Optical properties of Gd2O2S-based ceramic, J. Opt. Technol., 2005, vol. 72, no. 1, pp. 58–61.
Gurvich, A.M., Rentgenolyuminofory i rentgenovskie ekrany (X-ray Phosphors and X-ray Intensifying Screens), Moscow: Atomizdat, 1976, p. 63.
Gorokhova, E.I., Anan’eva, G.V., Demidenko, V.A., et al., Scintillating optical ceramics based on Gd2O2S doped with Pr, Tb, and Eu, Opt. Zh., 2012, vol. 79, no. 1, pp. 58–64.
Hernández-Adame, L., Méndez-Blas, A., Ruiz-García, J., et al., Synthesis, characterization, and photoluminescence properties of Gd:Tb oxysulfide colloidal particles, Chem. Eng. J., 2014, vol. 258, pp. 136–145.
Saraee, K.R.E., Zadeh, M.D., Mostajaboddavati, M., and Kharieky, A.A., Changes of Tb emission by non-radiative energy transfer from Dy in Gd2O2S:Tb phosphor, J. Electron. Mater., 2016, vol. 45, no. 10, pp. 4806–4812.
Luo, X. and Cao, W., Ethanol-assistant solution combustion method to prepare La2O2S:Yb,Pr nanometer phosphor, J. Alloys Compd., 2008, vol. 460, nos. 1–2, pp. 529–534.
Gorokhova, E.I., Demidenko, V.A., Khristich, O.A., et al., Luminescence properties of ceramics based on terbium-doped gadolinium oxysulfide, J. Opt. Technol., 2003, vol. 70, no. 10, pp. 693–698.
Wang, F., Liu, D., Yang, B., and Dai, Y., Characteristics and synthesis mechanism of Gd2O2S:Tb phosphors prepared by vacuum firing method, Vacuum, 2013, vol. 87, pp. 55–59.
Hernandez-Adame, L., Palestino, G., Meza, O., et al., Effect of Tb3+ concentration in the visible emission of terbium-doped gadolinium oxysulfide microspheres, Solid State Sci., 2018, vol. 84, pp. 8–14.
Ding, Y.-J., Han, P.-D., Wang, L.-X., and Zhang, Q.-T., Preparation, morphology and luminescence properties of Gd2O2S:Tb with different Gd2O3 raw materials, Rare Met., published online August 18, 2015.
Wakefield, G., Keron, H.A., Dobson, P.J., and Hutchison, J.L., Structural and optical properties of terbium oxide nanoparticles, J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 1999, vol. 60, no. 4, pp. 503–508.
Xu, Z., Yang, J., Hou, Z., et al., Hydrothermal synthesis and luminescent properties of Y2O3:Tb3+ and Gd2O3:Tb3+ microrods, Mater. Res. Bull., 2009, vol. 44, no. 9, pp. 1850–1857.
Hölsä, J., Leskelä, M., and Niinistö, L., Concentration quenching of Tb3+ luminescence in LaOBr and Gd2O2S phosphors, Mater. Res. Bull., 1979, vol. 14, no. 11, pp. 1403–1409.
Xu, G.X., Qin, H., Huang, T., et al., Synthesis and photoluminescence of Gd2O2S:Tb3+ nanoaggregates via one-pot solvothermal method, Optoelectron. Adv. Mater., Rapid Commun., 2017, vol. 11, nos. 11–12, pp. 703–708.
Sang, X., Xu, G., Lian, J., et al., A template-free solvothermal synthesis and photoluminescence properties of multicolor Gd2O2S:xTb3+,yEu3+ hollow spheres, Solid State Sci., 2018, vol. 80, pp. 15–21.
Funding
This work was supported by the Russian Federation Ministry of Science and Higher Education through the state research target for the Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, in the field of basic research.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Translated by O. Tsarev
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Belaya, S.V., Bakovets, V.V., Rakhmanova, M.I. et al. Films of (Gd1 –xTbx)2O2S Solid Solutions Produced by Oxide Sulfidation in NH4SCN Vapor and Their Optical Properties. Inorg Mater 56, 836–846 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0020168520080038
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0020168520080038