Abstract
Aims
Soils represent the natural habitat of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs). When moving in soil, EPNs are oriented to follow a chemical signal (chemotaxis). Cannabis sativa L. is known to secrete a very wide spectrum of secondary metabolites. Ethanol extracts (EE) of different C. sativa L. organs were used to study the effect on EPN chemotaxis.
Methods
The root, leaf and inflorescence EE of two hemp varieties and two medical cannabis breeding lines were used in laboratory chemotaxis assays with three EPN species (Steinernema carpocapsae, S. feltiae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora) at 20 and 25 °C. The content of terpenes and cannabinoids in C. sativa L. inflorescences was measured as well.
Results
Overall, EPNs were most attracted or repelled by inflorescence extracts, followed by leaves and roots. The most abundant terpene in hemp inflorescences was trans caryophyllene (38.2% on average), the highest contents of total cannabidiol, total cannabigerol and total tetrahydrocannabinol were 9.65%, 0.89% and 0.62%, respectively.
Conclusions
The attraction effect of S. sativa L. EE is a highly interesting outcome and could lead to the development of attractant compounds in EPN biological control. Cannabinoids and terpenes may be responsible for pronounced effects on EPN chemotaxis.
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Abbreviations
- EPNs:
-
Entomopathogenic nematodes
- IJs:
-
Infective juveniles
- THC:
-
Tetrahydrocannabinol
- CBD:
-
Cannabidiol
- CBG:
-
Cannabigerol
- VOCs:
-
Volatile organic compounds
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Acknowledgements
The authors gratefully thank Tina Cuderman for help with the laboratory chemotaxis assays, Sinja Svetik for assistance with molecular sex determination of hemp seedlings and Miha Slapnik for taking care of the plants. We are grateful to the company MGC Pharmaceuticals for plants of medical cannabis breeding lines and HPLC analysis. This research was partly supported by grants from the Slovenian Research Agency, research programme P4-0077 and P4-0013-048. Part of this research was funded within Professional Tasks from the Field of Plant Protection, a programme funded by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Food of the Phytosanitary Administration of the Republic of Slovenia.
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Laznik, Ž., Košir, I.J., Košmelj, K. et al. Effect of Cannabis sativa L. root, leaf and inflorescence ethanol extracts on the chemotrophic response of entomopathogenic nematodes. Plant Soil 455, 367–379 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-020-04693-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-020-04693-z