Abstract
The Andean margin of the South American continent has been magmatically and tectonically active for over 330 million years. It is the type location where “Cordilleran-type” magmatism and orogenesis are manifest. In Argentina and Chile, between the latitudes of 28° and 40° S, magmatism related to the Gondwanan “Cordilleran-type” orogeny is reflected in a series of Carboniferous to Triassic intrusions. A comprehensive model exists for the petrogenesis of such magmas in Chile, however there is relatively little understanding of the nature and timing of Permo-Triassic magmatism in the Frontal Cordillera and Precordillera in Argentina. To address this, we present a new dataset of in situ zircon U–Pb, O and Hf isotopes from 15 felsic intrusions from Argentina. Zircon geochronology shows that magmatism in this region commenced at ca. 285 Ma and continued until ca. 250 Ma. Zircon O and Hf isotopes suggest that the oldest Permian magmas were derived from young supracrustal sources, with elevated δ18O (~ 8.5 to 7.5‰) and negative εHf values (~ − 1 to − 3 εHf). The emplacement of these magmas was coeval with the formation of mantle-derived magmas characterised by mantle-like δ18O (~ 6.0 to 5.5‰) and moderately positive εHf values (~ 4 to 1 εHf). As magmatism continued, transitional isotope signatures became predominant as melts of these disparate sources interacted and hybridised. It is proposed that under a compressional regime, mantle-derived magmas were halted in the lower continental crust, where they exchanged heat and volatiles with an older fertile lithosphere to generate melts from supracrustal sources. A shift in the stress regime at ca. 285 Ma permitted both crustally derived and juvenile mantle-derived magmas to exploit newly formed conduits to rise into the upper crust. A regional compilation of zircon O and Hf isotopes from felsic igneous rocks reveals a coherent secular trend over ~ 100 million years, where the oldest magmatism exhibits a dominant supracrustal component and younger magmas progressively (over 50 Ma) transition towards juvenile mantle-like isotopic compositions. This new dataset from Argentina fills a significant gap in the previous regional models between 285 and 250 Ma and documents the isotopic response of magmas produced in back-arc regions to a transition between compression and extensional/neutral stress regimes. These results give insight into the generation of new, or recycling of, continental crust in a back-arc setting and how the transition from compression to extension is imperative for ore-forming magmas to reach the upper crust.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Availability of data and material
All data is available.
References
Allègre CJ, Rousseau D (1984) The growth of the continent through geological time studied by Nd isotope analysis of shales. Earth Planet Sci Lett 67:19–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(84)90035-9
Álvarez J, Mpodozis C, Blanco-Quintero I et al (2013) U-Pb ages and metamorphic evolution of the La Pampa Gneisses: implications for the evolution of the Chilenia Terrane and Permo-Triassic tectonics of north Central Chile. J South Am Earth Sci 47:100–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2013.07.001
Andersson UB, Begg GC, Griffin WL, Högdahl K (2011) Ancient and juvenile components in the continental crust and mantle: Hf isotopes in zircon from Svecofennian magmatic rocks and rapakivi granites in Sweden. Lithosphere 3:409–419. https://doi.org/10.1130/l162.1
Annen C, Sparks RSJ (2002) Effects of repetitive emplacement of basaltic intrusions on thermal evolution and melt generation in the crust. Earth Planet Sci Lett 203:937–955. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(02)00929-9
Annen C, Blundy JD, Sparks RSJ (2006) The genesis of intermediate and silicic magmas in deep crustal hot zones. J Petrol 47:505–539. https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egi084
Armstrong RL (1981) Radiogenic isotopes: the case for crustal recycling on a near-steady-state no-continental-growth Earth. Philos Trans R Soc Lond 301:443–472
Bahlburg H, Breitkreuz C (1991) Paleozoic evolution of active margin basins in the southern Central Andes (northwestern Argentina and northern Chile). J South Am Earth Sci 4:171–188
Barredo S, Chemale F, Marsicano C et al (2012) Tectono-sequence stratigraphy and U–Pb zircon ages of the Rincón Blanco Depocenter, northern Cuyo Rift, Argentina. Gondwana Res 21:624–636. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2011.05.016
Belousova EA, Kostitsyn YA, Griffin WL et al (2010) The growth of the continental crust: constraints from zircon Hf-isotope data. Lithos 119:457–466. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2010.07.024
Bindeman IN, Simakin AG (2014) Rhyolites-Hard to produce, but easy to recycle and sequester: integrating microgeochemical observations and numerical models. Geosphere 10:930–957. https://doi.org/10.1130/GES00969.1
Bindeman IN, Valley JW (2000) Formation of low-δ18O rhyolites after caldera collapse at Yellowstone, Wyoming, USA. Geology 28:719–722. https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613
Black LP, Kamo SL, Allen CM et al (2004) Improved 206Pb/238U microprobe geochronology by the monitoring of a trace-element-related matrix effect; SHRIMP, ID-TIMS, ELA-ICP-MS and oxygen isotope documentation for a series of zircon standards. Chem Geol 205:115–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.01.003
Blum TB, Kitajima K, Nakashima D et al (2016) Oxygen isotope evolution of the Lake Owyhee volcanic field, Oregon, and implications for the low-δ18O magmatism of the Snake River Plain-Yellowstone hotspot and other low-δ18O large igneous provinces. Contrib Mineral Petrol 171:1–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-016-1297-x
Bonin B (2004) Do coeval mafic and felsic magmas in post-collisional to within-plate regimes necessarily imply two contrasting, mantle and crustal, sources? A review. Lithos 78:1–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2004.04.042
Breitkreuz C, Bahlburg H, Delakowitz B, Pichowiak S (1989) Paleozoic volcanic events in the Central Andes. J South Am Earth Sci 2:171–189
Chapman JB, Ducea MN, Kapp P et al (2017) Spatial and temporal radiogenic isotopic trends of magmatism in Cordilleran orogens. Gondwana Res 48:189–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2017.04.019
Cingolani CA, Uriz N, Chemale F, Varela R (2012) Las rocas monzoníticas del sector oriental del plutón de Cacheuta, Precordillera Mendocina: características geoquímicas y edad U/Pb (LA-ICP-MS). Rev la Asoc Geol Argentina 69:195–206
Clift PD, Vannucchi P, Morgan JP (2009) Crustal redistribution, crust-mantle recycling and Phanerozoic evolution of the continental crust. Earth Sci Rev 97:80–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2009.10.003
Cocker JD, Griffin BJ, Muehlenbachs K (1982) Oxygen and carbon isotope evidence for seawater-hydrothermal alteration of the Macquarie Island ophiolite. Earth Planet Sci Lett 61:112–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(82)90043-7
Collins WJ (2002) Nature of extensional accretionary orogens. Tectonics 21:6-1–6-12. https://doi.org/10.1029/2000TC001272
Coloma F, Salazar E, Creixell C (2012) Nuevos antecedentes acerca de la construcción de los plutones Pérmicos y Permo-Triásicos en el valle del río Tránsito, región de Atacama, Chile. In: 13th Chil Geol Congr, pp 330–332
Condie KC, Aster RC (2010) Episodic zircon age spectra of orogenic granitoids: the supercontinent connection and continental growth. Precambrian Res 180:227–236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2010.03.008
Davis JS, Roeske SM, McClelland WC, Kay SM (2000) Mafic and ultramafic crustal fragments of the southwestern Precordillera terrane and their bearing on tectonic models of the early Paleozoic in western Argentina. Geology 28:171–174. https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613
Decelles PG, Ducea MN, Kapp P, Zandt G (2009) Cyclicity in Cordilleran orogenic systems. Nat Geosci 2:251–257. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo469
Deckart K, Hervé F, Fanning CM et al (2014) U–Pb Geochronology and Hf-O Isotopes of zircons from the Pennsylvanian Coastal Batholith, South-Central Chile. Andean Geol 41:49–82. https://doi.org/10.5027/andgeoV41n1-a03
del Rey A, Deckart K, Arriagada C, Martínez F (2016) Resolving the paradigm of the late Paleozoic-Triassic Chilean magmatism: isotopic approach. Gondwana Res 37:172–181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2016.06.008
Dhuime B, Hawkesworth CJ, Cawood P (2011) When continents formed. Science 331:154–155
Dhuime B, Hawkesworth CJ, Cawood PA, Storey CD (2012) A change in the geodynamics of continental growth 3 billion years ago. Science 335:1334–1337
Gallastegui G, Cuesta A, Rubio Ordóñez A et al (2008) El stock granodiorítico La Leona: magmatismo Gondwánico en la Precordillera Central de los Andes Argentinos. XVII Congr Geológico Argentino 1:209–210
Garrido MM, Barra F, Domínguez E et al (2008) Late carboniferous porphyry copper mineralization at La voluntad, neuquén, Argentina: constraints from Re - Os molybdenite dating. Miner Depos 43:591–597. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-008-0189-z
Garrido MM, Grecco LE, Gonzalez MV, Pavon Pivetta CM (2018) Petrography, geochemistry and geochronology of San Jorge porphyry Cu–Au deposit, Mendoza, Argentina Constraints for the timing of magmatism and associated mineralization. Acta Geológica Lilloana 30:1–22. https://doi.org/10.30550/j.agl/2018.30.1/1
Giambiagi L, Mescua J, Bechis F et al (2011) Pre-Andean deformation of the Precordillera southern sector, southern Central Andes. Geosphere 7:219–239. https://doi.org/10.1130/GES00572.1
Godoy E, Hervé F, Fanning CM (2008) Edades UPb SHRIMP en granitoides del macizo norpatagónico: implicancias geotectónicas. XVII Congr Geológico Argentino 3:1288–1289
Gómez AL, Torres MG, Iannelli S, et al (2019) Señal Isotópica de Plomo del Magmatismo Gondwánico Genéticamente Vinculado a Mineralizaciones de Tipo Pórfido de Cu, Mendoza
González-Menéndez L, Gallastegui G, Cuesta A et al (2013) Petrogenesis of Early Paleozoic basalts and gabbros in the western Cuyania terrane: constraints on the tectonic setting of the southwestern Gondwana margin (Sierra del Tigre, Andean Argentine Precordillera). Gondwana Res 24:359–376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2012.09.011
Gregory RT, Taylor HP (1981) An oxygen isotope profile in a section of Cretaceous oceanic crust, Samail Ophiolite, Oman: evidence for δ18O buffering of the oceans by deep (> 5 km) seawater-hydrothermal circulation at mid-ocean ridges. J Geophys Res Solid Earth 86:2737–2755. https://doi.org/10.1029/jb086ib04p02737
Grignola S, Hagemann S, Fogliata A et al (2018) The Casposo gold-silver deposit: evidence for Permian, low sulfidation epithermal mineralization in the Cordillera Frontal, San Juan province, Argentina. In: 15th Quadrennial IAGOD international association on the genesis of ore deposits symposium, Salta, Argentina. pp 107–108
Guitreau M, Blichert-Toft J, Billström K (2014) Hafnium isotope evidence for early-Proterozoic volcanic arc reworking in the Skellefte district (northern Sweden) and implications for the Svecofennian orogen. Precambrian Res 252:39–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2014.07.005
Hammerli J, Kemp AIS, Shimura T et al (2018) Generation of I-type granitic rocks by melting of heterogeneous lower crust. Geology 46:907–910. https://doi.org/10.1130/G45119.1
Haschke MR, Scheuber E, Gunther A, Reutter K-J (2002) Evolutionary cycles during the Andean orogeny: repeated slab breakoff and flat subduction? Terra Nova 14(1):49–55
Hawkesworth CJ, Kemp AIS (2006) Using hafnium and oxygen isotopes in zircons to unravel the record of crustal evolution. Chem Geol 226:144–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2005.09.018
Hawkesworth CJ, Cawood P, Kemp T et al (2009) A matter of preservation. Science 323:49–50
Hawkesworth CJ, Cawood PA, Dhuime B (2019) Rates of generation and growth of the continental crust. Geosci Front 10:165–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2018.02.004
Herve F (1988) Late Paleozoic subduction and accretion in southern chile. Episodes 11:183–188
Hervé F, Fanning CM, Calderón M, Mpodozis C (2014) Early Permian to Late Triassic batholiths of the Chilean Frontal Cordillera (28°-31°S): SHRIMP U–Pb zircon ages and Lu-Hf and O isotope systematics. Lithos 184–187:436–446. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2013.10.018
Hildreth W, Moorbath S (1988) Crustal contributions to arc magmatism in the Andes of Central Chile. Contrib Mineral Petrol 98:455–489. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00372365
Hollis JA, Van Kranendonk MJ, Cross AJ et al (2014) Low δ18O zircon grains in the Neoarchean Rum Jungle Complex, northern Australia: an indicator of emergent continental crust. Lithosphere 6:17–25. https://doi.org/10.1130/l296.1
Hurley PM, Rand JR (1969) Pre-drift continental nuclei. Science 164:1229–1242. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.164.3885.1229
Jones RE, Kirstein LA, Kasemann SA et al (2015) Geodynamic controls on the contamination of Cenozoic arc magmas in the southern Central Andes: insights from the O and Hf isotopic composition of zircon. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 164:386–402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2015.05.007
Kay RW, Kay SM (1993) Delamination and delamination magmatism. Tectonophysics 219:177–189
Kay SM, Mpodozis C, Coira B (1999) Neogene magmatism, tectonism, and mineral deposits of the Central Andes (22° to 33° S latitude). In: Geology and ore deposits of the central andes-special publications of the society of economic geologists, pp 28–59
Kay SM, Godoy E, Kurtz A (2005) Episodic arc migration, crustal thickening, subduction erosion, and magmatism in the south-central Andes. Bull Geol Soc Am 117:67–88. https://doi.org/10.1130/B25431.1
Kemp AIS, Hawkesworth CJ, Foster GL et al (2007) Magmatic and crustal differentiation history of granitic rocks from Hf–O isotopes in zircon. Science 315:980–983. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1136154
Kemp AIS, Hawkesworth CJ, Collins WJ et al (2009) Isotopic evidence for rapid continental growth in an extensional accretionary orogen: the Tasmanides, eastern Australia. Earth Planet Sci Lett 284:455–466. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2009.05.011
Kerrich R, Goldfarb R, Groves D et al (2000) The characteristics, origins, and geodynamic settings of supergiant gold metallogenic provinces. Sci China 43:1–68. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02911933
Kleiman LE, Japas MS (2009) The Choiyoi volcanic province at 34° S–36° S (San Rafael, Mendoza, Argentina): implications for the Late Palaeozoic evolution of the southwestern margin of Gondwana. Tectonophysics 473:283–299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2009.02.046
Li XH, Long WG, Li QL et al (2010) Penglai zircon megacrysts: a potential new working reference material for microbeam determination of Hf–O isotopes and U–Pb age. Geostand Geoanal Res 34:117–134. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-908X.2010.00036.x
Llambías EJ, Kleiman LE, Salvarredi JA (1993) El Magmatismo Gondwanico. In: XII Congr Geológico Argentino y II Congr Explor Hidrocarburos, pp 53–64
Llambías EJ, Sato AM, Basei MAS (2005) El basamento prejurásico medio en el anticlinal Chihuido, Malargüe: evolución magmática y tectónica. Rev la Asoc Geol Argentina 60:567–578
Ludwig KR (2012) User’s Manual for Isoplot 3.75—a geochronological toolkit for Microsoft Excel. Berkeley Geochronol Center, Spec Publ No 5
Magaritz M, Taylor HP (1974) Oxygen and hydrogen isotope studies of serpentinization in the Troodos ophiolite complex, Cyprus. Earth Planet Sci Lett 23:8–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(74)90023-5
Maksaev V, Munizaga F, Tassinari C (2014) Timing of the magmatism of the paleo-Pacific border of Gondwana: U–Pb geochronology of Late Paleozoic to Early Mesozoic igneous rocks of the north Chilean Andes between 20° and 31°S. Andean Geol 41:447–506. https://doi.org/10.5027/andgeoV41n3-a01
Martin MW, Clavero RJ, Mpodozis MC (1999) Late Paleozoic to Early Jurassic tectonic development of the high Andean Principal Cordillera, El Indio Region, Chile (29-30°S). J South Am Earth Sci 12:33–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0895-9811(99)00003-6
Martinod J, Husson L, Roperch P et al (2010) Horizontal subduction zones, convergence velocity and the building of the Andes. Earth Planet Sci Lett 299:299–309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2010.09.010
Mpodozis C, Kay SM (1992) Late Paleozoic to Triassic evolution of the Gondwana margin: evidence from Chilean Frontal cordilleran batholiths (28° S to 31° S). Geol Soc Am Bull 104:999–1014. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1992)104%3c0999:LPTTEO%3e2.3.CO;2
Nasdala L, Hofmeister W, Norberg N, Martinson JM, Corfu F, Dörr W, Kamo SL, Kennedy AK, Kronz A, Reiners PW, Frei D, Kosler J, Wan Y, Götze J, Häger T, Kröner A, Valley JW (2008) Zircon M257 - a homogeneous natural reference material for the ion microprobe U-Pb analysis of zircon. Geostand Geoanal Res 32(3):247–265
Orme HM (1999) Silicic magmatism and continental break-up: the Frontal Cordillera Composite Batholith, Mendoza. Kingston University, Argentina
Pankhurst RJ, Millar IL, Hervé F (1996) A Permo-Carboniferous U–Pb age for part of the Guanta Unit of the Elqui-Limarí Batholith at Río del Tránsito, Northern Chile. Rev Geol Chile 23:35–42. https://doi.org/10.5027/andgeoV23n1-a03
Parada MA, Nyström JO, Levi B (1999) Multiple sources for the Coastal Batholith of central Chile (31–34° S): geochemical and Sr-Nd isotopic evidence and tectonic implications. Lithos 46:505–521. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-4937(98)00080-2
Patchett PJ, Kuovo O, Hedge CE, Tatsumoto M (1981) Evolution of the continental crust and mantle heterogeneity: evidence from Hf isotopes. Contrib Miner Pet 78:279–297
Peck WH, King EM, Valley JW (2000) Oxygen isotope perspective on Precambrian crustal growth and maturation. Geology 28:363–366. https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613
Pepper M, Gehrels G, Pullen A et al (2016) Magmatic history and crustal genesis of western South America: constraints from U–Pb ages and Hf isotopes of detrital zircons in modern rivers. Geosphere 12:1532–1555. https://doi.org/10.1130/GES01315.1
Petersson A, Kemp AIS, Hickman AH et al (2019) A new 3.59 Ga magmatic suite and a chondritic source to the east Pilbara Craton. Chem Geol 511:51–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2019.01.021
Phillips G, Landenberger B, Belousova EA (2011) Building the New England Batholith, eastern Australia-Linking granite petrogenesis with geodynamic setting using Hf isotopes in zircon. Lithos 122:1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2010.11.005
Pineda G, Calderón M (2008) Geología del área Monte Patria-El Maqui, región de Coquimbo, Escala 1:100.000. SERNAGEOMIN: Carta Geológica de Chile, Serie Geología Básica, n.116
Ramos VA (1988) Late Proterozoic-early paleozoic of South America—a collisional history. Episodes 11:168–174
Ramos VA (1994) Terranes of Southern Gondwanaland and their control in the Andean Structure (30°–33° S latitude). In: Reutter KJ, Scheuber E, Wigger PJ (eds) Tectonics of the Southern Central Andes. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Ramos VA (1999) Plate tectonic setting of the Andean Cordillera. Episodes 22:183–190. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2006.01230.x
Ramos VA (2010) The Grenville-age basement of the Andes. J South Am Earth Sci 29:77–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2009.09.004
Ramos VA, Aleman A (2000) Tectonic evolution of the Andes. In: Tecton Evol South Am 31st Int Geol Congr, pp 635–685. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.4349.5525
Ramos VA, Folguera A (2009) Andean flat-slab subduction through time. Geol Soc Lond Spec Publ 327:31–54. https://doi.org/10.1144/sp327.3
Ramos VA, Kay SM (1991) Triassic rifting and associated basalts in the Cuyo basin, central Argentina. In: Harmon RS, Rapela CW (eds) Andean magmatism and its tectonic setting. Geological Society of America Special Paper 265. Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO, United States, pp 79–91
Ramos VA, Jordan T, Allmendinger R et al (1984) Chilenia: un terreno alóctono en la evolución paleozoica de los Andes Centrales. Noveno Congr Geol Argentino 1:84–106
Ramos VA, Jordan TE, Allmendinger RW et al (1986) Paleozoic Terranes of the Central Argentine-Chilean Andes. Tectonics 5:855–880
Ramos VA, Vujovich G, Dallmeyer D (1996) Los Klippes y Ventanas Tectonicas Preandicas de La Sierra de Pie de Palo (San Juan): Edad e Implicaciones Tectonicas. XIII Congr Geol Argentina y III Congr Explor Hidrocarburos 5:377–391
Reymer A, Schubert G (1984) Phanerozoic addition rates to the continental crust and crustal growth. Tectonics 3:63–77
Richards JP (2003) Tectono-magmatic precursors for porphyry Cu-(Mo–Au) deposit formation. Econ Geol 98:1515–1533. https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.98.8.1515
Richards JP (2009) Postsubduction porphyry Cu–Au and epithermal Au deposits: products of remelting of subduction-modified lithosphere. Geology 37:247–250. https://doi.org/10.1130/G25451A.1
Richards JP, Boyce AJ, Pringle MS (2001) Geologic evolution of the Escondida area, northern Chile: a model for spatial and temporal localization of porphyry Cu mineralization. Econ Geol 96:271–305. https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.96.2.271
Rocha-Campos AC, Basei MA, Nutman AP et al (2011) 30 million years of Permian volcanism recorded in the Choiyoi igneous province (W Argentina) and their source for younger ash fall deposits in the Paraná Basin: SHRIMP U–Pb zircon geochronology evidence. Gondwana Res 19:509–523. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2010.07.003
Rosenbaum G, Giles D, Saxon M et al (2005) Subduction of the Nazca Ridge and the Inca Plateau: insights into the formation of ore deposits in Peru. Earth Planet Sci Lett 239:18–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2005.08.003
Rubinstein NA, Koukharky M (1995) Edades K/Ar del volcanismo neopaleozoico en la Precordillera noroccidental sanjuanina (30o00’S; 69o03’O). Rev la Asoc Geológica Argentina 50:270–272
Rubinstein NA, Ostera HA, Mallimacci H, Carpio F (2004) Lead isotopes from Gondwanan polymetallic ore vein deposits, San Rafael Massif, Argentina. J South Am Earth Sci 16:595–602. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2003.10.006
Salazar E, Coloma F (2016) Geología del Área Cerro de Cantaritos-Laguna Chica. Cart Geol Chile, Ser Geol Basica 181:1–171
Salda LD, Cingolani C, Varela R (1992) Early Paleozoic orogenic belt of the Andes in southwestern South America: result of Laurentia–Gondwana collision? Geology 20:617–620
Sato AM, Llambías EJ, Basei MAS, Leanza HA (2008) The Permian Choiyoi cycle in Cordillera del Viento (Principal Cordillera, Argentina): over 25 Ma of magmatic activity. In: VI South Am Symp Isot Geol
Sato AM, Llambías EJ, Basei MAS, Castro CE (2015) Three stages in the Late Paleozoic to Triassic magmatism of southwestern Gondwana, and the relationships with the volcanogenic events in coeval basins. J South Am Earth Sci 63:48–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2015.07.005
Schiuma M, Llambías EJ (2008) New ages on and chemical analysis on Lower Jurassic volcanism in the Dorsal de Huincul, Neuquén. Rev la Asoc Geológica Argentina 63:644–652
Scholl DW, von Huene R (2007) Crustal recycling at modern subduction zones applied to the past—issues of growth and preservation of continental basement crust, mantle geochemistry, and supercontinent reconstruction. In: Hatcher RD Jr, Carlson MP, McBride JH, Catalán JRM (eds) 4-D Framework of continental crust. Geological Society of America, Boulder
Sdrolias M, Müller RD (2006) Controls on back-arc basin formation. Geochem Geophys Geosyst 7:1–40. https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GC001090
Sillitoe RH (1977) Permo-Carboniferous, upper Cretaceous, and Miocene porphyry copper-type mineralization in the Argentinian Andes. Econ Geol 72:99–109. https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.72.1.99
Sillitoe RH (1988) Epochs of intrusion-related copper mineralization in the Andes. J South Am Earth Sci 1:89–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/0895-9811(88)90018-1
Sillitoe RH (1997) Characteristics and controls of the largest porphyry copper-gold and epithermal gold deposits in the circum-Pacific region. Aust J Earth Sci 44:373–388. https://doi.org/10.1080/08120099708728318
Sillitoe RH, Perrelló J (2005) Andean Copper province: Tectonomagmatic settings, deposit types, metallogeny, exploration, and discovery. In: Econ Geol 100th Anniv, vol 845–890
Spencer CJ, Cawood PA, Hawkesworth CJ et al (2015) Generation and preservation of continental crust in the Grenville Orogeny. Geosci Front 6:357–372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2014.12.001
Stern R (2002) Subduction zones. Rev Geophys 40:3-1–3-38. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8702-7_149
Stern CR (2011) Subduction erosion: rates, mechanisms, and its role in arc magmatism and the evolution of the continental crust and mantle. Gondwana Res 20:284–308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2011.03.006
Stern RJ, Scholl DW (2010) Yin and yang of continental crust creation and destruction by plate tectonic processes. Int Geol Rev 52:1–31. https://doi.org/10.1080/00206810903332322
Strazzere L, Gregori DA, Dristas JA (2006) Genetic evolution of Permo-Triassic volcaniclastic sequences at Uspallata, Mendoza Precordillera, Argentina. Gondwana Res 9:485–499. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2005.12.003
Takada A (1994) The influence of regional stress and magmatic input on styles of monogenetic and polygenetic volcanism. J Geophys Res Solid Earth 99:13563–13573. https://doi.org/10.1029/94jb00494
Taylor SR (1967) The origin and growth of continents. Tectonophysics 4:17–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(67)90056-X
Thomas WA, Astini RA (2003) Ordovician accretion of the Argentine Precordillera terrane to Gondwana: a review. J South Am Earth Sci 16:67–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0895-9811(03)00019-1
Torres MG, Rubinstein N, Poole G, Hagemann S (2020) Adakitic signal linked to Gondwanan porphyry type deposits from the Andean Frontal Cordillera of Argentina. Geochemistry 80(2):125634
Tosdal RM, Richards JP (2001) Magmatic and structural controls on the development of porphyry Cu ± Mo ± Au deposits. In: Society of economic geologists reviews—structural controls on ore genesis, pp 157–181
Tosdal RM, Dilles JH, Cooke DR (2009) From source to sinks in auriferous magmatic-hydrothermal porphyry and epithermal deposits. Elements 5:289–295. https://doi.org/10.2113/gselements.5.5.289
Valley JW (2003) Oxygen isotopes in zircon. Rev Mineral Geochem 53:343–385. https://doi.org/10.2113/0530343
Valley JW, Kinny PD, Schulze DJ, Spicuzza MJ (1998) Zircon megacrysts from kimberlite: oxygen isotope variability among mantle melts. Contrib Mineral Petrol 133:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004100050432
Valley JW, Lackey JS, Cavosie AJ et al (2005) 4.4 billion years of crustal maturation: oxygen isotope ratios of magmatic zircon. Contrib Mineral Petrol 150:561–580. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-005-0025-8
van der Meer QHA, Waight TE, Tulloch AJ et al (2018) Magmatic evolution during the Cretaceous transition from subduction to continental break-up of the Eastern Gondwana margin (New Zealand) documented by in situ zircon O–Hf isotopes and bulk-rock Sr–Nd isotopes. J Petrol 59:849–880. https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egy047
Varela R, Basei MAS, González PD et al (2011) Accretion of Grenvillian terranes to the southwestern border of the Río de la Plata craton, western Argentina. Int J Earth Sci 100:243–272. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-010-0614-2
Velasquez FNP (2013) Geochemistry of igneous rocks of the carboniferous—triassic of the High Cordillera, region of Atacama. University of Chile, Chile
Wiedenbeck M, Hanchar JM, Peck WH et al (2004) Further characterisation of the 91500 zircon crystal. Geostand Geoanal Res 28:9–39
Wilkinson JJ (2013) Triggers for the formation of porphyry ore deposits in magmatic arcs. Nat Geosci 6:917–925. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1940
Williams WC, Meissl E, Madrid J, de Machuca BC (1999) The San Jorge porphyry copper deposit, Mendoza, Argentina: a combination of orthomagmatic and hydrothermal mineralization. Ore Geol Rev 14:185–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-1368(99)00006-2
Woodhead JD, Hergt JM (2005) A preliminary appraisal of seven natural zircon reference materials for in situ Hf isotope determination. Geostand Geoanal Res 29:183–195. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-908X.2005.tb00891.x
Wu FY, Yang YH, Xie LW et al (2006) Hf isotopic compositions of the standard zircons and baddeleyites used in U–Pb geochronology. Chem Geol 234:105–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2006.05.003
Yang JH, Wu FY, Wilde SA et al (2007) Tracing magma mixing in granite genesis: in situ U–Pb dating and Hf-isotope analysis of zircons. Contrib Mineral Petrol 153:177–190. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-006-0139-7
Zheng YF, Zhang SB, Zhao ZF et al (2007) Contrasting zircon Hf and O isotopes in the two episodes of Neoproterozoic granitoids in South China: implications for growth and reworking of continental crust. Lithos 96:127–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2006.10.003
Acknowledgements
We thank the reviewers Dr. Andrew Miles and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive feedback and thought-provoking ideas, and the editor Prof. Steven Reddy for handling this paper. G.P. especially thanks Angel Jara for his field support with collecting and transporting samples. The authors would like to acknowledge the Australian Microscopy and Microanalysis Research Facility, AuScope, the Science and Industry Endowment Fund, and the State Government of Western Australian for contributing to the Ion Probe Facility at the Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis at the University of Western Australia. Hf isotope analysis at UWA was conducted with instrumentation funded by the Australian Research Council (LE100100203 and LE150100013). This project was supported by the Argentine Mining Geological Service (SEGEMAR) and the ARC Centre of Excellence for Core to Crust Fluid Systems Grant CE110001017. This is contribution 1520 from the ARC Centre of Excellence for Core to Crust Fluid Systems (http://www.ccfs.mq.edu.au).
Funding
Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Core to Crust Fluid Systems (CCFS), Grant number CE1101017, provided funding for analysis and fieldwork. The Argentine Mining Geological Service (SEGEMAR) provided fieldwork support and funding for sample transport.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
GP: carried out all analytical work, data reduction and interpretation, drafting all figures and writing of the paper. TK: assisted in collecting and reduction of Hf data, and revisions of the paper. SH: instrumental in the idea of the project, the main authors primary supervisor, fieldwork support, and revisions of the paper. MF: fieldwork support and revisions of the paper. HJ: assisted in collecting and reduction of oxygen isotope data, and reviews of the paper. IW: assisted in collecting and reduction of U–Pb data. EZ: designed the fundamental ideas of the project. NR: instrumental in the idea of the project and reviews of the paper.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The author declares that there is no competing interest.
Code availability
No code used in this project.
Additional information
Communicated by Steven Reddy.
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Poole, G.H., Kemp, A.I.S., Hagemann, S.G. et al. The petrogenesis of back-arc magmas, constrained by zircon O and Hf isotopes, in the Frontal Cordillera and Precordillera, Argentina. Contrib Mineral Petrol 175, 89 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-020-01721-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-020-01721-0