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Oral Colonization by Candida Species in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis

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Abstract

Introduction

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system. Since immune system plays a key role in this disease, patients with MS can present higher risk of infections.

Purpose

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Candida spp. in the oral cavity of MS patients in relation to a control group

Methods

In total, 100 individuals were selected: 55 diagnosed with MS and 45 healthy individuals (control group). Saliva samples were collected and seeded in culture media selecting for Candida. Following an incubation period of 48 h, colony-forming units (CFU mL−1) were counted and colonies were isolated for Candida species identification by multiplex PCR. The results were analysed by chi-squared and Mann–Whitney U statistical tests considering a significance level of 5%.

Results

Candida spp. were confirmed in the oral cavity of 50.09% patients in the MS group and 35.55% individuals in the control group. In individuals positive for the growth of Candida spp., the median values of Candida colonies were 220 CFU mL−1 for the MS group and 120 CFU mL−1 for the control group. However, no statistically significant differences were observed between groups for both prevalence and CFU mL−1 count. Of the Candida species identified, 73.91% were C. albicans, 21.73% C. glabrata, 2.17% C. tropicalis, and 2.17% C. krusei.

Conclusions

The colonization of Candida spp. in the oral cavity of individuals with multiple sclerosis was higher than in the control group; however these findings were not proven to be statistically significant.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), Grant: 306330/2018-0, for the support.

Funding

No funding was received.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Francisco José Longo 777, São Dimas, São José dos Campos, SP, 12245-000, Brazil

    Eliana Tomomi Shimabukuro da Cunha, Lívia Mara Alves Figueiredo-Godoi, Patrícia Pimentel de Barros & Juliana Campos Junqueira

  2. Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

    Eliana Tomomi Shimabukuro da Cunha, Diogo Haddad Santos, Rafael Paterno Castello Dias Carneiro, Guilherme Sciascia do Olival, Keila Narimatsu & Charles Peter Tilbery

  3. Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medical Sciences of Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

    Charles Peter Tilbery

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  1. Eliana Tomomi Shimabukuro da Cunha
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Contributions

The experiments are performed by ETSC, LMAFG, DHS, RPCDC, GSO, PPB, KN, CPT, JCJ. The experiments are conceived and designed by ETSC, JCJ. The data are analyzed by ETSC, LMAFG, JCJ. The paper is written by ETSC, LMAFG, PPB, JCJ. Supervision is done by JCJ.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Lívia Mara Alves Figueiredo-Godoi.

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Conflict of interest

Lívia Mara Alves Figueiredo-Godoi, Patrícia Pimentel de Barros, Juliana Campos Junqueira declare that they have no conflict of interest. Eliana Tomomi Shimabukuro da Cunha, Diogo Haddad Santos, Rafael Paterno Castello Dias Carneiro, Guilherme Sciascia do Olival, Keila Narimatsu, Charles Peter Tilbery have received personal fees from Biogen-Idec, personal fees from Merck-Serono, personal fees from TEVA, personal fees from Genzyme and personal fees from Roche, outside the submitted work.

Ethical Approval

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee (Research Ethics Committee Involving Human Beings of the Institute of Science and Technology of UNESP—CAAE: 06066818.3.0000.0077) and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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da Cunha, E.T.S., Figueiredo-Godoi, L.M.A., Santos, D.H. et al. Oral Colonization by Candida Species in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. Mycopathologia 185, 983–991 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11046-020-00486-1

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