Abstract
Main conclusion
The seed yield increase of the hybrids and their derived Mimics compared to parents is associated with increased plant height and inflorescence branch number which are correlated with decreased expression of FT, SOC1 and FUL.
Abstract
In Arabidopsis, plant size has been extensively investigated, but few studies have been carried out on seed yield heterosis. In hybrids between Columbia (Col) and Landsberg erecta (Ler), and Wassilewskija (Ws) and Ler, there was significant seed yield heterosis. F6/F7 Hybrid Mimics derived from hybrids of each of the two systems had seed yield increases similar to that of the F1 hybrid (approximately 50–70% greater than the average of the parents). Increased seed yield of the Hybrid Mimics was accompanied by changes of plant architecture with increased plant height and increased inflorescence branch number relative to the parents. Three of the Hybrid Mimic lines derived from the Ws/Ler system had 20% increase in seed yield relative to the F1 hybrid. Genes which repress flowering were up-regulated and the expression levels of flowering -promoting genes including FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CO 1 (SOC1) and FRUITFULL (FUL) were negatively correlated with the increase in seed yield in both hybrids and F7 Mimics of both systems.
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Abbreviations
- CKX :
-
CYTOKININ OXIDASE/DEHYDROGENASE
- DAS:
-
Days after sowing
- FT :
-
FLOWERING LOCUS T
- FUL :
-
FRUITFULL
- GPA:
-
Global proliferative arrest
- MPV:
-
Mid-parent value
- PIN1 :
-
PINFORMED1
- PIN7 :
-
PINFORMED7
- SNP:
-
Single nucleotide polymorphism
- SOC1 :
-
SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CO 1
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Acknowledgements
The authors wish to thank Dr. Ming-Bo Wang for suggestions on the project, Carl Davies for plant photography, Li Min Wu for technical assistance.
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425_2020_3444_MOESM1_ESM.xlsx
Supplementary file1 Table S1 The normalised reads of MAX1- 4, BRC1, CKX5, CKX6, PIN1, PIN7, LEAFY, and AP2 of parents, hybrids, Hybrid Mimics and small lines. Transcriptome data is from 25 DAS rosette leaves. Table S2 SNP analysis identified the Col/Ler F7 plants had high homozygosity rates of the total SNPs in the genomes (XLSX 17 kb)
425_2020_3444_MOESM2_ESM.pdf
Supplementary file2 Fig. S1 GO analysis of 179 differentially expressed genes shared by Col/Ler F1 hybrids, three or more Hybrid Mimics, but not shared with small lines. Significance level P < 0.05 (Statistical test method: Fisher, Multi_test adjustment method: Hocheberg FDR). Minimum number of mapping entries = 5. Fig. S2 There was a negative correlation between the level of FUL expression and plant height in both Col/Ler and Ws/Ler systems. a Correlation plots between FT, FUL, and SOC1 expression and plant height in the parents Col and Ler, Col/Ler hybrids, Hybrid Mimic lines (CL_HM 1-4) and small lines (cl_sml1-2). b Correlation plots between FT, FUL, and SOC1 expression and plant height in the parents Ws and Ler, Ws/Ler hybrids, Hybrid Mimic lines (WL_HM 1-7) and small lines (wl_sml1-2). The levels of FUL expression are the normalised reads from transcriptome data. Fig. S3 Expression of FUL in the buds of parents Col and Ler, Col/Ler hybrids, Mimics CL_HM1 and 4, and small line cl_sml1. P > 0.05, Student’s t test. Error bars = SE. Data presented are the average and SE from two biological and three technical replicates for each sample. RNAs for qPCR were isolated from unopened flower buds from 25-day-old plants. Fig. S4 The relative expression of MAX1, MAX2, CKX5, PIN1 and PIN7. The transcriptome data for each gene are shown as normalized reads. Error bars = SE. The black dotted line represents MPV. * indicates significant differences at P < 0.05 from MPV. Fig. S5 The relative expression of LEAFY and AP2. The transcriptome data for each gene are shown as normalized reads. Error bars = SE. The black dotted line represents MPV. * indicates significant differences at P < 0.05 from MPV (PDF 738 kb)
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Wang, L., Yamashita, M., Greaves, I.K. et al. Arabidopsis Col/Ler and Ws/Ler hybrids and Hybrid Mimics produce seed yield heterosis through increased height, inflorescence branch and silique number. Planta 252, 40 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-020-03444-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-020-03444-9