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Characterisation of Landslide using InSAR Technique and Electrical Resistivity Method at Paya Terubong, Malaysia

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Abstract

Ground movement is common around hilly areas; as such, there is a need to investigate the activities of the ground surface and subsurface of such regions. This research presents an application of the Permanent Scatterer Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PS-InSAR) technique and electrical resistivity (ER) method for the measurement of ground deformations and investigation of the subsurface features, respectively, at Paya Terubong, Penang Island. The PS-InSAR is an instrument for detecting patterns of deformation over a wide region, while the ER approach is used to image subsurface characteristics and measure the resistivity of the rock formation. Satellite data obtained from Sentinel-1A (S-1A) were used to detect some active ground deformation zones. The velocity of − 41 mm/Yr was discovered along the line of sight (LOS) of the system, indicating subsidence. An ER survey was performed at the topsoil within 5 m depth based on the ground deformation patterns detected through the InSAR technique. Two-dimensional (2-D) resistivity lines were laid using the ABEM SAS4000 Terameter and a dipole–dipole array with an electrode spacing of 2.5 m. The areas with low values of resistivity ranging between 0 and 20 Ωm were classified as saturated zones. The efflux and influx of subsurface water when the layers of rocks are lubricated and downcutting of steep slopes are among the suspected causes of deformation. The application of the two techniques has improved the understanding of both the surface and subsurface mechanisms, reduced variation in the results, and allowed the investigation of active landslide areas.

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Acknowledgement

The authors appreciate the final year and internship students of the School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, for their assistance during the in situ data acquisitions. This work was supported by Universiti Sains Malaysia USM Short term Grant [Grant No. 304.PFIZIK 6315053] and Tertiary Education Trust Fund TETFUND, Nigeria. The authors also acknowledged Dr. Daniele Perissin for his technical support on the SARPROZ software.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang Island, USM, Malaysia

    Kazeem Olukunle Rauff & Ismail Ahmad Abir

  2. School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, Purdue, USA

    Daniele Perissin

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  1. Kazeem Olukunle Rauff
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  2. Ismail Ahmad Abir
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  3. Daniele Perissin
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KOR processed the data and prepared the manuscript. IAA downloaded the software and supervised the work and DP provided the technical support for the SARPROZ software used for the research.

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Correspondence to Kazeem Olukunle Rauff.

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The authors state that there is no conflict of interest regarding this manuscript’s publication. Moreover, the authors have fully observed the ethical issues, including plagiarism, informed consent, misconduct, data manufacturing and/or falsification, double publication and/or submission, and redundancy.

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Rauff, K.O., Abir, I.A. & Perissin, D. Characterisation of Landslide using InSAR Technique and Electrical Resistivity Method at Paya Terubong, Malaysia. J Indian Soc Remote Sens 48, 1223–1236 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12524-020-01150-3

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