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Differential Modulation in Metabolites Revealed with the Improvement in the Shelf-Life of Alphonso Fruits

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Abstract

Globally farmers have difficulty in extending the shelf-life of the tropical fruits due to their perishable nature. The present study aimed to assess the effect of hexanal nano-formulation treatment (NFT) on the shelf-life of Alphonso mango. Further, volatilomics was performed to explore the molecular basis of such effect. Untreated and treated fruits were sampled starting from 5th to 21st day after NFT at an interval of 4 days. Moderate changes in visual and digital colour parameters were evident from the intact and dissected fruits of NFT set compared to untreated fruits. Biochemical assays affirmed the phenotypic differences with significant changes in the colour imparting compounds like carotenoids and anthocyanins among them. Further, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis revealed significant qualitative and quantitative variations in the different classes of compounds like lactones, furanones, esters, aldehydes and alcohols. Some of the key metabolites showed differential modulations among the NFT and untreated fruit sets indicating their potential role in various processes, which ultimately might have resulted in delayed ripening of the mango. Overall, this study has demonstrated the beneficial effect of hexanal and identified important metabolites with the enhanced shelf-life in Alphonso that could be useful for farmers and mango-based food/flavour industries.

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Abbreviations

BHT:

Butylated hydroxytoluene

GC-FID:

Gas chromatography-flame ionization detector

GC–MS:

Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

HCA:

Hierarchical cluster analysis

HGA:

Homogentisate

HPPD:

p-Hydroxyphenyl pyruvate dioxygenase

NFT:

Nano-formulation treatment/treated

PA:

Phosphatidic acid

PCA:

Principal component analysis

PLD:

Phospholipase D

SD:

Standard deviation

VOCs:

Volatile organic compounds

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Acknowledgements

MSD acknowledges Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR, New Delhi, India) for the fellowship of JRF & SRF, and the Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), India, for enrolment in the Ph.D. programme. Authors thank Mr. Shounak Jagdale (CSIR-NCL) for the help during data analysis.

Funding

APG and VSG are thankful to the funding agency, CSIR, for the research under project CSC0133 (FUNHEALTH) to CSIR-NCL. KSS thanks the Global Affairs Canada and International Development Research Center, Canada, for funding the project "Enhanced Preservation of Fruits using Nanotechnology" at TNAU, Coimbatore.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India

    M. Saleem Dar, Bhushan B. Dholakia, Vidya S. Gupta & Ashok P. Giri

  2. Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India

    M. Saleem Dar, Vidya S. Gupta & Ashok P. Giri

  3. Department of Nano Science and Technology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641035, India

    Haripriya Shanmugam & K. S. Subramanian

  4. Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Pune, Pune, 411008, India

    Bhushan B. Dholakia

  5. Tree Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, L0R 2E0, Canada

    J. Subramanian

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  1. M. Saleem Dar
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  5. K. S. Subramanian
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Contributions

APG, BBD and KSS conceived the idea. MSD, BBD, VSG and APG planned the work, while HS, JS and KSS collected and treated the mango samples with hexanal nano-formulation. MSD and BBD carefully arranged, harvested and extracted all the fruit samples as per the stages. MSD carried out all the experiments post--nano-formulation treatment and analysed the data with inputs from BBD and APG. MSD prepared the figures and tables with the help from BBD and APG. Subsequently MSD and BBD wrote the initial draft. All the authors contributed in editing the manuscript and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Bhushan B. Dholakia or Ashok P. Giri.

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Dar, M.S., Dholakia, B.B., Shanmugam, H. et al. Differential Modulation in Metabolites Revealed with the Improvement in the Shelf-Life of Alphonso Fruits. Mol Biotechnol 62, 508–520 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12033-020-00267-7

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