Abstract
In this study, organic compounds were screened in surface water collected from Xujiahe basin, China by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). A total of 51 compounds were identified including 14 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), 9 organophosphorus pesticides (OPs), 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 12 chlorobenzene (CBs). The concentrations of OCPs, PAHs and CBs were generally low. The concentrations of OCPs in Xujiahe reservoir ranged from N.D. to 35.6 ng/L, the concentrations of PAHs ranged from N.D. to 19.8 ng/L and the concentrations of CBs ranged from 10.3 to 124.6 ng/L. The Ecological Structure Activity Relationships (ECOSAR) model was employed to directly predict the integrated toxicity indexes of 51 organic pollutants. The risk quotient (RQ) values of most of the organic compounds in the water samples were acceptable for their ecological risk.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bai Y, Liu W, Tao Y, Wang L, Tian Z, Wang Y, Zhao Q (2007) Distribution characteristics of PAHs in surface water of Hebei Province. Acta Sci Circumst 27(8):1364–1369
Chen Y, Zhu LZ (2011) Spatial and temporal distribution of PAHs in Qiantang River surface water. Guangdong Agric Sci 38(3):148–150. https://doi.org/10.16768/j.issn.1004-874x.2011.03.024
Du Q, Jia X, Huang C (2007) Chlorobenzenes in waterweeds from the Xijiang River (Guangdong section) of the Pearl River. J Environ Sci 19(10):1171–1177. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1001-0742(07)60191-0
Guo W, Li Z, Cheng S, Liang W, He F, Wu Z (2014) Performance of a pilot-scale constructed wetland for stormwater runoff and domestic sewage treatment on the banks of a polluted urban river. Water Sci Technol 69(7):1410–1418. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2014.027
Guo R, Wang W, Liu C, Cheng G, Hu J, Wang C, Tian L, Li T (2018) Risk assessment of dietary exposure for organophosphates pesticides residues in some vegetables in Shaanxi Province. Prev Med 30(02):148–215
Huang W, Bao L, Teng M, Xiang S, Qu L (2016) Distribution characteristics and environmental quality evaluation of organochlorine pesticides in Wanfeng Lake waters. Environ Prot Technol 22(1):52–57. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-0254.2016.01.012
Jiang S, Sun B, Xu B, Wu H, Li J (2016) Residual characteristics and risk assessment of organochlorine pesticides in water and surface sediments of the main estuary of Chaohu Lake. Environ Chem 35(6):1228–1236. https://doi.org/10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2016.06.2015111904
Kang Y, Liu P, Wang Z, Lv Y, Li Q (2003) Persistent organochlorine pesticide pollution in Beijing Guanting Reservoir-Yongding river water system. J Lake Sci 15(2):125–132. https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:1003-5427.2003.02.005
Li X, Yin C, Wan Q, Yu W, Bi S (2019) Research progress on organic contaminants in Chongqing reach of Three Gorges reservoir region. J Environ Health 36(7):649–654
Liu F, Zhang S (2014) Risk assessment of organophosphorus and pyrethroid pesticides in the waters of Nanfei River. J Hefei Univ Technol 12:1499–1504. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1003-5060.2014.12.018
Liu Y, Zhang M, Zhang Y, Chen L, Cheng S, Yi Y, Wang J (2012) Investigation of organochlorine pesticide residues in upper waters of Wujiang River Basin. Environ Monit China 28(6):112–116
Liu R, Li B, Song Y, Zeng P (2014) Water environment pollution and source analysis of toxic and harmful materials in Liaohe River Basin. J Environ Eng Technol 4(4):299–305. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2014.04.049
López-Serrano A, Olivas RM, Landaluze JS, Cámara C (2014) Nanoparticles: a global vision. Characterization, separation, and quantification methods. Potential environmental and health impact. Anal Methods 6(1):38–56. https://doi.org/10.1039/C3AY40517F
Ma W, Liu L, Qi H, Bai Y, Shen J, Chen Z, Li Y (2012) Pollution characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water during the ice age of Songhua River Basin. Environ Sci 33(12):4220–4225
Meharg A, Wright J, Osborn D (2000) Chlorobenzenes in rivers draining industrial catchments. Sci Total Environ 251(1):243–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(00)00387-9
Oliver BG, Nicol KD (1982) Chlorobenzenes in sediments, water, and selected fish from Lakes Superior, Huron, Erie, and Ontario. Environ Sci Technol 16(8):532–536. https://doi.org/10.1021/es00114a014
Tian Y, Liao P, Deng C, Wu L, Liang L, Jiang Y (2012) Investigation of organophosphorus pesticides in Nanning section of Yongjiang River and inland rivers of Nanning city. J Guangxi Acad Sci 28(3):216–218
Wang P, Zhang L, Liu L, Chen L, Gao H, Wu L (2015) Toxicity of sediment cores from Yangtze River estuary to zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 22(21):16423. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3484-5
Wang H, Ma Y, Li G, Jin J, He C, Li Q, Wang Y (2017) Concentration levels and pollution characteristics of organochlorine pesticides in the Yellow River Basin. Environ Sci Technol 40(11):160–166. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1003-6504.2017.11.026
Wang Z, Meng B, Zhang W, Bai J, Ma Y, Liu M (2018) Multi-target risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in farmland soil based on the environment-ecological-health effect. Int J Environ Res Public Health 15(6):1101–1115. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15061101
Yang H (2013) Distribution and health risk assessment of organophosphorus pesticides in surface water of Hubei Province. Master's degree thesis of Central China Normal University
Yang Q, Mai B, Fu J, Sheng G, Wang J (2004) Spatiotemporal distribution of organochlorine pesticides in the estuary of the Pearl River. Environ Sci 25(2):150–156
Zhang X, Wu Y (2017) Application of coupled zero-valent iron/biochar system for degradation of chlorobenzene-contaminated groundwater. Water Sci Technol 75(3):571–580. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.503
Zhang Z, Yu G, Hong H, Chen W, Wang X (2002) Environmental behaviors of organophosphorus pesticides in Hekou waters and their risk impact assessment. Chin J Environ Sci 1:75–80
Zhang X, Wang P, Han Q, Li H, Wang T, Ding M (2018) Metal-organic framework based in-syringe solid-phase extraction for the on-site sampling of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from environmental water samples. J Sep Sci 41(8):1856–1863. https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.201701383
Zhang Y, Shen Z, Sun J, Zhang L, Zhang B, Zhang T, Wang J, Xu H, Liu P, Zhang N, Cao J (2020) Parent, alkylated, oxygenated and nitro polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from raw coal chunks and clean coal combustion: Emission factors, source profiles, and health risks. Sci Total Environ. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137696
Zhao Q, Feng J, Guo X, Xu Y, Zhang J (2013) Cutoff wall construction effect of groundwater dynamic in the lower area of Dagu river. Adv Mater Res 663:789–794. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.663.789
Zhao X, Qiu H, Zhao Y, Shen J, Chen Z, Chen J (2015) Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface water from the upper reach of the Yellow River, Northwestern China. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22(9):6950–6956. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3846-z
Zhou X, Yu G, Zhang Z, Niu J (2009) Chlorobenzenes in water and surface sediments from Tonghui River of Beijing. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 57(1):32–41. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-008-9233-3
Zhou Y, Shi L, Li Q, Yang X (2013) Content and seasonal variation of organophosphorus pesticides in the water of the Pearl River Estuary. China Environ Sci 33(2):312–318. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-6923.2013.02.018
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 216575716).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhou, J., Zheng, D., Jin, S. et al. Analysis and Risk Assessment of Organic Pollutants in Surface Water from Xujiahe Basin, China. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 105, 453–459 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-020-02970-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-020-02970-2