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Different effects of canopy and understory nitrogen addition on soil organic carbon and its related processes in a subtropical forest

  • Soils, Sec 3 • Remediation and Management of Contaminated or Degraded Lands • Research Article
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Abstract

Purpose

The response of forest soil organic carbon (SOC) to atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition is generally studied via understory N addition, whereas canopy processes are often ignored. This implies potential bias in the response to N addition. Experiments incorporating both understory and canopy N addition in forests can explore the consistency of N addition approaches.

Materials and methods

An experiment with canopy addition of 50 kg N ha−1 year−1, understory addition of 50 kg N ha−1 year−1, and blank control (0 kg N ha−1 year−1) was designed in a subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest in China. After 5 years of N addition, elemental stoichiometry (C, N) and stable isotopes (13C and 15N) of the plants (litter, fine roots, leaves) and soil samples were determined. We measured concentrations of total organic C and different fractions (microbial biomass, recalcitrant, readily oxidizable, and dissolved C), total N, nitrate and ammonium N, and soil acidity (pH) in surface soil samples (0–5 cm) in the forest.

Results

The changes in C, N concentrations, C/N ratios, and δ15N of litter and understory plant materials were different between the two N addition approaches. The contribution of litter C input and the mean residence time of soil organic C increased by 23% and decreased 1.8 years, respectively, due to understory N addition but was unaffected by canopy N addition. The concentrations of total organic C, microbial biomass C, and recalcitrant organic C were significantly different between the two approaches (lower microbial biomass C as a result of understory N addition than in control treatment). The significantly different C concentrations in macroaggregates and clay-silts, and the mean residence time between the approaches showed the different effects on the stability of soil organic C.

Conclusions

The approach of canopy N addition is necessary to improve our understanding of the unbiased impact of atmospheric N deposition on soil organic C and its related processes, e.g., aboveground C input, SOC fractions, and soil stability in subtropical forests. Long-term experiments incorporating both understory and canopy N addition simulating atmospheric N deposition are required to further understand the influence of enhanced N deposition on forest soil processes.

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Funding

This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 41471443, 41771522), the Key Special Project for Introduced Talents Team of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (No. GML2019ZD0408), the Biological Resources Service Network Initiative of Chinese Academy of Sciences (ZSSD–007), and the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Xiaofei Lu, Wendan Ren & Songbo Tang

  2. Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Guangzhou, 510650, China

    Enqing Hou, Lingling Zhang, Zhanfeng Liu, Yongbiao Lin, Dazhi Wen & Yuanwen Kuang

  3. Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 511458, China

    Enqing Hou, Lingling Zhang, Zhanfeng Liu, Yongbiao Lin, Dazhi Wen & Yuanwen Kuang

  4. College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China

    Shenglei Fu

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  1. Xiaofei Lu
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Correspondence to Yuanwen Kuang.

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Lu, X., Ren, W., Hou, E. et al. Different effects of canopy and understory nitrogen addition on soil organic carbon and its related processes in a subtropical forest. J Soils Sediments 21, 235–244 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-020-02761-6

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