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Effects of heat stress on antioxidant status and immune function and expression of related genes in lambs

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Abstract

The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of heat stress on antioxidant status, immune response, and related gene expression of lambs. Eighteen male lambs were randomly allocated into three treatment groups that were as follows: indoor temperature control group furnished with an air-conditioner (ITC), indoor temperature non-control group suffered intermittent and varying degrees of heat stress (ITNC), outdoor temperature non-control group in the external natural environment (OTNC). ITNC group presented a more severe and prolonged exposure to thermal stress than the other two groups. The trial lasted 28 days. Blood samples were collected on days 14 and 28 to analyze total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations, total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-2 (IL-2), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin G (IgG), and immunoglobulin M (IgM) concentrations and gene expressions of SOD1, SOD2, GPx, CAT, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), IL-1β, IL-2, and TNF-α. Results showed that on day 14 an elevated temperature reduced (p < 0.05) the level of GPx, T-SOD, T-AOC, and IgG, whereas significantly increased (p < 0.05) CAT, MDA, IgA, and TNF-α levels. Gene expressions of SOD1 and GPx were down-regulated (p < 0.05). On day 28, ITNC group significantly decreased (p < 0.05) CAT, GPx, T-SOD, T-AOC, IgG, and IL-2 levels and increased (p < 0.05) MDA, IL-1, and TNF-α levels, accompanying by the reducing or increasing (p < 0.05) of their relative gene expression apart from CAT and IL-1β gene (p > 0.10). In addition, in ITNC and OTNC groups, the level of CAT, T-SOD, T-AOC, IgG, IgM, and IL-2 and the expression of CAT, SOD2, and IL-2 reduced (p < 0.05), whereas IL-1 and TNF-α levels and IL-1β expression increased (p < 0.05) on day 28 compared with day 14. In ITC group, the level of IgA, IL-1, and TNF-α and the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α increased (p < 0.05), while the content of IgG and IgM reduced (p < 0.05) on day 28 compared with day 14. These results indicated that heat stress negatively affected the antioxidant status and immune response of lambs, and the negative effects of heat stress are not only related to the stress duration but also associated with the stress severity.

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Acknowledgments

The author thanks their laboratory colleagues X.Q. Xu, C.Y. Mao, and S.W. Guo for their assistance in the farm. And thanks to all the laboratory colleagues for the sample collection and laboratory analysis.

Funding

This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0500508).

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  1. Department of Animal Production, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, 010018, China

    Lulu Shi, Yuanqing Xu, Chenyu Mao, Zheqi Wang, Shiwei Guo, Xiao Jin, Sumei Yan & Binlin Shi

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  1. Lulu Shi
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  2. Yuanqing Xu
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  3. Chenyu Mao
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Correspondence to Binlin Shi.

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All procedures and experiments were performed in accordance with Laboratory animal—Guideline for ethical review of animal welfare (GB/T 35892-2018). All efforts were made to minimize the suffering of animals.

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Shi, L., Xu, Y., Mao, C. et al. Effects of heat stress on antioxidant status and immune function and expression of related genes in lambs. Int J Biometeorol 64, 2093–2104 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-020-02000-0

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