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Totally transparent hydrogel-based subdural electrode with patterned salt bridge

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Abstract

A totally transparent subdural electrode was developed by embedding a conductive poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-filled microchannel made of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) into an another PVA hydrogel substrate. Tight bonding between the PVA substrate and the PDMS microchannel (salt bridge) was achieved by mechanical interlocking utilizing the microprotrusions formed on the microchannel. This simple method of bonding without the use of any additives such as silane molecules or nanofibers is very suitable for constructing biomedical devices. The salt bridge electrode (total thickness, ca. 1.5 mm) was sufficiently soft, and showed superior shape conformability that makes it an excellent choice as a subdural electrode used on the brain surface. In vivo measurement proved that the salt bridge electrode makes close contact to the exposed porcine brain and can record brain wave signals of frequencies 1 ~ 15 Hz. In addition, the high transparency of the electrode provided a clear view of the brain surface that would assist the effective surgical operation and optogenetic research.

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Acknowledgements

This work was partly supported by Tohoku University Frontier Research program (FRiD), AMED-Medical Device Development (20331061) from Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), and by Grant-in-Aids for Scientific Research A (18H04157) (18H04158), Scientific Research B (19H03755), Scientific Research C (19 K08090) (18 K08932) (18 K08960) (18 K08561) (17 K11373) (16 K10780) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-04 Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan

    Ayaka Nishimura & Matsuhiko Nishizawa

  2. Department of Finemechanics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan

    Ryota Suwabe, Yuka Ogihara, Shotaro Yoshida, Hiroya Abe & Matsuhiko Nishizawa

  3. Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan

    Shin-ichiro Osawa, Atsuhiro Nakagawa & Teiji Tominaga

  4. Division for the Establishment of Frontier Sciences of the Organization for Advanced Studies, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan

    Atsuhiro Nakagawa & Matsuhiko Nishizawa

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  1. Ayaka Nishimura
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Nishimura, A., Suwabe, R., Ogihara, Y. et al. Totally transparent hydrogel-based subdural electrode with patterned salt bridge. Biomed Microdevices 22, 57 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10544-020-00517-0

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