In order to achieve accurate locations of multiple targets on an airborne optoelectronic platform, we propose a multitarget location system based on the digital elevation model and a multitarget location model based on the target vector. Through the target detection algorithm, the pixel coordinates of each target in the field of view can be obtained and the visual axis vector of each target is constructed. By integrating the measurement data of each sensor in an unmanned aerial vehicle and the photoelectric platform, the geographical location information of each target can be calculated. In the condition of a flight height of 3000 m, the location error for the main target is 16.47 m, and the location error for the secondary target is about 27.36 m. The effect of the improved filtering model is analyzed. After filtering, the main target location error is reduced to 7 m, and the secondary target location error is reduced to 11 m. The proposed method has the advantages of high real-time performance, high location accuracy, and convenient engineering application.