Abstract
Apigenin is the bioactive component of parsley (Petroselinum crispum L.) with numerous therapeutic properties. In this study, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) methods were used for the isolation of apigenin from parsley leaves. The effect of several factors on the extraction yield of apigenin was investigated. In UAE method, under the best extraction condition (extraction solvent: ethanol 80%, time: 30 min, solid-to-solvent ratio: 1:25, particle size: 0.25 mm, ultrasonic power: 90%, frequency: 80 kHz and temperature: 40 °C) an extraction yield of 9.48 ± 0.11 mg apigenin/g parsley was achieved, while in MAE method, the best extraction condition (extraction solvent: ethanol 80%, time: 2 min, solid-to-solvent ratio: 1:20, particle size: 0.105 mm and microwave power: 180 W) resulted in a yield of 7.90 ± 0.14 mg apigenin/g parsley. Referring to Soxhlet extraction as a control (time: 6 h; temperature: 70 °C and solid-to-solvent ratio: 1:50), an apigenin extraction efficiency of 51.22 and 42.68% was obtained using UAE and MAE, respectively. Significantly lower extraction time, solvent consumption, and extraction temperature in UAE and MAE compared to those of Soxhlet method demonstrate the high efficiency of the modern extraction approaches. The UV–Vis and FTIR analyses confirmed that the structure of apigenin remained intact after extraction and purification. The purity of apigenin in the extracted sample from parsley leaves was 86.45% as determined by HPLC analysis.
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the Babol Noshirvani University of Technology (BNUT), Iran [Grant Number: BNUT/4150009/1395]. The authors are grateful to Biotechnology Research Center at BNUT for providing the experimental instruments.
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Poureini, F., Mohammadi, M., Najafpour, G.D. et al. Comparative study on the extraction of apigenin from parsley leaves (Petroselinum crispum L.) by ultrasonic and microwave methods. Chem. Pap. 74, 3857–3871 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-020-01208-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-020-01208-z