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Serine Proteases in Immunity

Cathepsin G and its Dichotomous Role in Modulating Levels of MHC Class I Molecules

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Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis Aims and scope

Abstract

Cathepsin G (CatG) is involved in controlling numerous processes of the innate and adaptive immune system. These features include the proteolytic activity of CatG and play a pivotal role in alteration of chemokines as well as cytokines, clearance of exogenous and internalized pathogens, platelet activation, apoptosis, and antigen processing. This is in contrast to the capability of CatG acting in a proteolytic-independent manner due to the net charge of arginine residues in the CatG sequence which interferes with bacteria. CatG is a double-edged sword; CatG is also responsible in pathophysiological conditions, such as autoimmunity, chronic pulmonary diseases, HIV infection, tumor progression and metastasis, photo-aged human skin, Papillon–Lefèvre syndrome, and chronic inflammatory pain. Here, we summarize the latest findings for functional responsibilities of CatG in immunity, including bivalent regulation of major histocompatibility complex class I molecules, which underscore an additional novel role of CatG within the immune system.

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Abbreviations

APCs:

Antigen-presenting cells

Cat:

Cathepsin

CatG:

Cathepsin G

cDCs:

Conventional dendritic cells

DCs:

Dendritic cells

HIV:

Human immunodeficiency virus

HLA:

Human leukocyte antigen

LF:

Lactoferrin

MHC:

Major histocompatibility complex

NE:

Neutrophil elastase

NETs:

Neutrophil extracellular traps

NK:

Natural killer

PAR:

Protease-activated receptor

PBMCs:

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells

PMSF:

Phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride

SDF1:

Stromal cell-derived factor 1

TCR:

T cell receptor

TGF-β:

Transforming growth factor beta

Th:

T helper

Tregs:

T regulatory cells

Tregs:

Thymus-derived natural Tregs

T1D:

Type 1 diabetes mellitus

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay Batyr Ave. 53, Nur-Sultan, 010000, Kazakhstan

    Timo Burster, Ferdinand Molnár & Anuar Zhanapiya

  2. Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Hospital, 89081, Ulm, Germany

    Uwe Knippschild

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  1. Timo Burster
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  2. Uwe Knippschild
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Correspondence to Timo Burster.

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Burster, T., Knippschild, U., Molnár, F. et al. Cathepsin G and its Dichotomous Role in Modulating Levels of MHC Class I Molecules. Arch. Immunol. Ther. Exp. 68, 25 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00005-020-00585-3

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