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Ascending Heat and Mass Flow in Continental Crust: on the Problem of Driving Forces of Tectogenesis

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Abstract

The geophysical and geochemical indicators of the ascending heat and mass flow in the continental crust—conductive heat flow through the surface of the crust and the isotopic composition of helium in freely circulating underground fluids—are considered. The tectonic ordering of the heat flow and the factors responsible for the dispersion in its density (q) are discussed. The sources and reservoirs of terrestrial helium are characterized; the stability of 3Не/4Не ratio in the geological section along the depth and in time is demonstrated; linear and areal variations in this ratio on different scales are revealed and their similarity with heat flow distribution is established. The correlations of helium isotopic composition in freely circulating underground fluids with the conductive heat flow density and helium composition in gases in the regions of recent volcanism as well as with strontium composition in young lavas indicate helium transport from the mantle to the crust by the magmatic melts.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We are grateful to I.L. Kamenskii (Geological Institute, Kola Science Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Apatity) and E.M. Prasolov (St. Petersburg State University–VSEGEI, St. Petersburg) for long cooperation and fruitful discussions of the subject of the paper.

We thank V.N. Bashorin (VIMS, Moscow) for updating the data on the concentration of helium in soil gases in the region of the Katai Fault and A.I. Ioffe (GIN RAS) for developing the special software module used for processing and comparing the data.

We appreciate the kind and constructive criticism on this study by A.G. and A.A. Kirdyashkin (IGM SB RAS) and S.Yu. Sokolova (GIN RAS).

Funding

The work was carried out under the State budget research theme no. 0135-2015-0021.

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  1. Geological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119017, Moscow, Russia

    B. G. Polyak & M. D. Khutorskoi

  2. Geological Institute, Kola Science Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 184209, Apatity, Russia

    I. N. Tolstikhin

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Polyak, B.G., Tolstikhin, I.N. & Khutorskoi, M.D. Ascending Heat and Mass Flow in Continental Crust: on the Problem of Driving Forces of Tectogenesis. Izv., Phys. Solid Earth 56, 490–510 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1069351320030088

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