Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor superfamily (TNFSF) molecules are important inflammatory cytokines, which are involved in diverse immunological functions such as B-cell regulation and B-cell-mediated immune responses. Existence of numerous tumor necrosis factor (TNF) members in the evolutionary lower vertebrate species has been reported; however, their immune functions are yet to be explored. Therefore, the existence of TNFSF members such as B-cell activating factor (BAFF) and a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) were identified in the freshwater carp, Catla catla. The BAFF and APRIL of C. catla (CcBAFF) and (CcAPRIL) were confirmed with the help of bioinformatic analysis. The CcBAFF showed higher structural identity with the BAFF of Xenopus laevis (amphibian) and BAFF-human. Further, the phylogenetic analysis ensured the conserved sequence similar to that of other teleosts. CcBAFF protein sequence had a predicted transmembrane domain and a typical TNF homology domain. CcBAFF and CcAPRIL were found to be constitutively expressed in all the immunological tissues. Spleen and gill had shown an elevated expression compared with other tissues in all the infected/stimulated (bacterial, viral antigen, and parasitic) fish. Stimulation by ligands (Poly I:C, LPS, PGN, and FLA) in C. catla had shown an elevation in the expression of CcBAFF and CcAPRIL in spleen and gill at different time intervals. The expression of recombinant CcBAFF has been confirmed with the immunoblotting. Thus, this is the first report that indicates the presence of BAFF and APRIL in Catla catla and its potential role in immunity.
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Acknowledgements
Authors wish to thank the National Agricultural Science Fund (NASF/BS-4003) of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Government of India, for the financial support. We express our sincere thanks to the authorities of NIT Rourkela and CIFA Bhubaneswar, India, for extending the necessary research facilities for this study.
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Banerjee, R., Samanta, M. & Das, S. Regulation of tumor necrosis superfamily molecules, BAFF and APRIL, in response to pathogenic exposure and ligand stimulation in freshwater carp, Catla catla. Aquacult Int 28, 2139–2159 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-020-00582-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-020-00582-5