Skip to main content
Log in

Effect of different channel spacings for DWDM system using optical amplifiers

  • Short Communication
  • Published:
National Academy Science Letters Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Channel spectrum capacity is the main demanding issue for dense optical communication to increase more number of channels for increasing the transmission speed with least effect of optical dominating features which have resolved in this current research work for the first time for 80 × 12 dense wavelength optical communication system with power amplification from RAMAN optical fiber amplifiers. Further analysis has also done for getting the outcomes in terms of quality factor (Q-factor) and bit error rate (BER) for 80 channels with considering the channel spacing at 100 GHz, at 50 GHz, at 40 GHz, at 25 GHz, and at 20 GHz, respectively. Final conclusion is given with the recommendation that 100 GHz channel spacing is better to receive the most appropriate rating of Q-factor of 38 dB with BER of 3.3 × 10−10 for dense optical process.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

References

  1. Soso AL, Bruno G, Nijhof J (2015) DWDM optical extension to the transport SDN controller. In: Proceedings of Fotonica AEIT Italian conference on photonics technology, Turin, Italy, May 2015, pp 1–4

  2. Ushijima I, Takamoto M, Das M, Ohkubo T, Katori H (2015) Cryogenic optical lattice clocks. Nat Photon 9:185–189

    Article  CAS  ADS  Google Scholar 

  3. Schioppo M et al (2017) Ultrastable optical clock with two cold-atom ensembles. Nat Photon 11:48–52

    Article  CAS  ADS  Google Scholar 

  4. Dierikx EF et al (2016) White rabbit precision time protocol on long distance fiber links. In: IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control, vol 63, no 7, pp 945–952

  5. Sliwczylnski P, Krehlik A, Czubla L, Buczek LM (2013) Dissemination of time and RF frequency via a stabilized fibre optic link over a distance of 420 km. Metrologia 50(2):133–145

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. Buczek L et al (2015) OPTIME-the system grows—a new 330 km line. In: Proceedings of joint conference on IEEE international frequency on control symposium and European frequency time forum, Denver, CO, USA, pp 583–586

  7. Vojtech J, Smotlacha V, Skoda P (2015) Simultaneous transmission of accurate time in parallel with stable optical frequency in real fibre network over 612 km. In: Proceedings of optoelectronics global conference (OGC), Shenzhen, China, pp 1–3

  8. Guéna J et al (2017) First international comparison of fountain primary frequency standards via a long distance optical fiber link. Metrologia 54(3):348

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  9. Sliwczynski Ł, Krehlik P (2014) Measurement of acoustic noise in field deployed fiber optic cables. In: Proceedings of European frequency time forum (EFTF), Neuchatel, Switzerland, pp 339–342

  10. Calosso CE et al (2014) Frequency transfer via a two-way optical phase comparison on a multiplexed fiber network. Opt Lett 39(5):1177–1180

    Article  CAS  ADS  Google Scholar 

  11. Sliwczynski Ł, Krehlik P, Lipiˇnski M, Turza K, Binczewski A (2015) Frequency distribution in delay-stabilized optical DWDM network over the distance of 3000 km. In: Proceedings of joint conference on IEEE international frequency control symposium and European frequency time forum, Denver, CO, USA, pp 280–283

  12. Bercy A, Stefani F, Lopez O, Chardonnet C, Pottie PE, Amy-Klein A (2014) Two-way optical frequency comparisons at 5 × 10–21 relative stability over 100-km telecommunication network fibers. Phys Rev A Gen Phys 90:061802

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  13. Krehlik P, Sliwczynski Ł, Buczek L, Kołodziej J, Lipinski M (2016) ELSTAB—fiber-optic time and frequency distribution technology: a general characterization and fundamental limits. IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control 63(7):993–1004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Sondej D, Sawicki M, Szplet R (2015) An autonomous microcontroller system for controlling a multi-channel time counter. Meas Autom Monit 61(7):305–307

    Google Scholar 

  15. Kumar C, Goyal R (2018) Performance analysis of hybrid optical amplifiers for super dense wavelength division multiplexing system in the scenario of reduced channel spacing. Mapan 33(2):159–164

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  16. Kumar C, Goyal R (2018) L-band flat-gain raman with erbium-doped fluoride hybrid optical amplifier for superdense wavelength division multiplexing system. J Russ Laser Res 39(3):263–266

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Kumar C, Goyal R (2018) A novel flattened gain C-band cascaded hybrid optical Raman and thulium-doped fluoride fiber amplifier for super dense wavelength division multiplexing system. Opt Appl 48(2):173–177

    MathSciNet  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Kumar C, Goyal R (2017) Performance evaluation of hybrid optical amplifiers for super dense wavelength division multiplexing system with 25 GHz channel spacing. J Nanoelectron Optoelectron 13(2):275–280

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  19. Kumar C, Goyal R (2017) Flattened gain S + C + L band RAMAN-tulium-doped tellurite fiber amplifer hybrid optical amplifer for super dense wavelength division multiplexing system. J Opt Commun 12(4):450–457

    Google Scholar 

  20. Takasaka S, Mimura Y, Takahashi M, Sugizaki R, Ogoshi H (2012) Flat and broad amplification by quasi-phase-matched fiber optical parametric amplifier. In: Proceedings of OFC/NFOEC, vol 4, pp 1–3

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ghanendra Kumar.

Ethics declarations

Channel spacing is the prime consideration for dense wavelength communication (DWDM) to increase number of channel for carried out multi-application data source for the user requirement. So this paper has shown the suitable solution to upgrade the signals strength with different proposed channel spacings with the support of RAMAN amplifier to get the required quality factor (Q-factor) and bit error rate (BER) which are main requirement for multiple channel transmission.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kumar, G., Kumar, S. Effect of different channel spacings for DWDM system using optical amplifiers. Natl. Acad. Sci. Lett. 44, 415–418 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40009-020-01014-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40009-020-01014-x

Keywords

Navigation