Abstract
Cloud radiative kernels were built by BCC_RAD (Beijing Climate Center radiative transfer model) radiative transfer code. Then, short-term cloud feedback and its mechanisms in East Asia (0.5°S–60.5°N, 69.5°–150.5°E) were analyzed quantitatively using the kernels combined with MODIS satellite data from July 2002 to June 2018. According to the surface and monsoon types, four subregions in East Asia—the Tibetan Plateau, northwest, temperate monsoon (TM), and subtropical monsoon (SM)—were selected. The average longwave, shortwave, and net cloud feedbacks in East Asia are −0.68 ± 1.20, 1.34 ± 1.08, and 0.66 ± 0.40 W m−2 K−1 (±2σ), respectively, among which the net feedback is dominated by the positive shortwave feedback. Positive feedback in SM is the strongest of all subregions, mainly due to the contributions of nimbostratus and stratus. In East Asia, short-term feedback in spring is primarily caused by marine stratus in SM, in summer is primarily driven by deep convective cloud in TM, in autumn is mainly caused by land nimbostratus in SM, and in winter is mainly driven by land stratus in SM. Cloud feedback in East Asia is chiefly driven by decreases in mid-level and low cloud fraction owing to the changes in relative humidity, and a decrease in low cloud optical thickness due to the changes in cloud water content.
摘 要
我们首先利用 BCC_RAD 辐射传输模式构建了云辐射内核, 结合 2002 年 7 月至 2018 年 6 月的 MODIS 卫星资料, 定量计算并分析了东亚地区 (0.5°S–60.5°N, 69.5°–150.5°E) 短期云反馈的时空变化特征; 然后根据地面特征和季风类型在东亚地区选取了青藏高原、 西北地区、 温带季风区和亚热带季风区 4 个子区进行了云反馈研究. 结果表明: 东亚地区的长波云反馈为−0.68±1.20 W m-2 K-1, 短波云反馈为 1.34±1.08 W m-2 K-1, 净云反馈为 0.66±0.40 W m-2 K-1, 其中, 云反馈主要来自短波云反馈的贡献. 在 4 个子区中, 亚热带季风区的正反馈最强烈, 主要是雨层云和层云的贡献. 春季的云反馈主要来自亚热带季风区海洋层云的贡献, 夏季的云反馈主要受到温带季风区深对流云的影响, 秋季的云反馈主要受到亚热带季风区陆地雨层云的影响, 冬季的云反馈主要来自亚热带季风区陆地层云的贡献. 东亚地区的云反馈主要是由中低云云量的减少和低云光学厚度变薄引起.
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Acknowledgements
This work was financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2017YFA0603502) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 91644211 and 41575002).
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Article Highlights
• Cloud radiative kernels by BCC_RAD were built, then the short-term cloud feedback in East Asia was studied quantitatively.
• The short-term cloud feedback in East Asia is primarily driven by nimbostratus and stratus, and the feedback is strongest in SM.
• The feedback in East Asia is caused by decreases in mid-level and low cloud fraction, and the decrease in low cloud optical thickness.
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Wang, F., Zhang, H., Chen, Q. et al. Analysis of Short-term Cloud Feedback in East Asia Using Cloud Radiative Kernels. Adv. Atmos. Sci. 37, 1007–1018 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-020-9281-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-020-9281-9