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Electroacupuncture Reduces Inflammation but Not Bone Loss on Periodontitis in Arthritic Rats

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Abstract

Periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are inflammatory diseases characterized by chronic inflammation and bone erosion. Electroacupuncture (EA) shows anti-inflammatory and anti-resorptive effects in experimental periodontitis (EP) and in RA. It is important to investigate whether EA shows these effects in periodontal tissues in the presence of these two inflammatory diseases or not. For this, Wistar rats were divided into six groups: control (C); experimental rheumatoid arthritis (RA; bovine type II collagen-induced (CII)); experimental periodontitis (EP); RA/EP (RA + EP); EP/EA (EP treated with EA); RA/EP/EA (RA + EP treated with EA). EP was induced 21 days after RA induction and EA was performed previously and during the EP induction period, every 3 days until the 36th experimental day. The rats were euthanized on day 39. RA was evaluated by edema and the withdrawal threshold of hind paws. The maxillae were removed, and alveolar bone loss (ABL) and bone radiographic density (BRD) were evaluated. Immunohistochemical analyses for interleukins (IL)-6 and -17 and nuclear factor (NF)-κB were performed. Our results showed that EA reduced only the pain intensity in arthritic rats. Histomorphometric, macroscopic, and radiographic analyses did not show differences between the control and EP/EA groups. EA caused a reduction in ABL and BRD only in the presence of EP. EA caused a reduction in IL-6 and -17 in all groups, but NF-κB was only reduced in the arthritic rats with EP. In conclusion, EA reduced the inflammation related to periodontitis in arthritic rats but did not prevent ABL.

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Funding

This work was supported by grants from the National Council for Research and Technological Development Process (CNPQ, Brasília, DF, Brazil)—Grant (425181/2016-2).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Post Graduate Program in Morphofunctional Sciences, Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Delmiro de Farias, S/N, Rodolfo Teófilo, Fortaleza, Ceará, CEP: 60.416-030, Brazil

    Jonas Nogueira Ferreira Maciel Gusmão, Bruno Sousa Pinto Ferreira, Bruno Wesley de Freitas Alves, Howard Lopes Ribeiro Júnior, Mario Roberto Pontes Lisboa, Karuza Maria Alves Pereira, Mariana Lima Vale & Delane Viana Gondim

  2. Post Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil

    Khetyma Moreira Fonseca & Mariana Lima Vale

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  1. Jonas Nogueira Ferreira Maciel Gusmão
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Correspondence to Delane Viana Gondim.

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All efforts were made to minimize the suffering of the animals, as well as the number of animals used in this study, being in accordance with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals of the National Institutes of Health. All procedures were performed in accordance with their Animal Care Standards.

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Experimental Protocol. The rheumatoid arthritis was induced by two immunization with CII and IFA. The EA treatment was initiated one day before the second immunization of CII and then every three days until the 36th day. EP was induced on the 28th day. The animals were euthanized on the 39th day. CII = bovine type II collagen; IFA = incomplete Freund’s adjuvant; EA = electroacupuncture treatment; EP = experimental periodontitis. (PNG 33 kb)

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Gusmão, J.N.F.M., Fonseca, K.M., Ferreira, B.S.P. et al. Electroacupuncture Reduces Inflammation but Not Bone Loss on Periodontitis in Arthritic Rats. Inflammation 44, 116–128 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10753-020-01313-x

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