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Effects of dietary starch and lipid levels on the protein retention and growth of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)

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Abstract

Protein accretion in some fish species is affected by dietary lipids, starch and their interactions, but this aspect of nutrition is largely unknown in largemouth bass (LMB). Therefore, we designed six experimental diets with three starch levels (5%, 10%, and 15%; dry matter  basis) and two lipid levels (10% and 12.5%; dry matter basis) to evaluate the effects of dietary starch and lipid levels on the protein retention, growth, feed utilization, and liver histology of LMB. There were three tanks (18 fish per tank, ~ 4.85 g per fish) per dietary treatment group and the trial lasted for 8 weeks. Fish were fed to apparent satiation twice daily. Results indicated that increasing the dietary starch level from 5 to 15% reduced (P < 0.05) absolute feed intake (AFI; − 9.0%, − 15% and − 14% on days 14–28, 28–42, and 42–56, respectively) and weight gains (− 4.4% and − 6.5% on days 42 and 56, respectively) of LMB. Increasing the dietary lipid level from 10 to 12.5% reduced (P < 0.05) AFI (− 9.7%, − 11.7% and − 11.9% on days 14–28, 28–42; and 42–56, respectively), weight gains (− 4.2%, − 5.9% and − 6.9% on days 28, 42 and 56, respectively), and survival rate (by a 5.6% unit) of LMB. The retention of dietary protein and some amino acids in the body was affected by dietary starch or lipid levels and their interactions. The viscerosomatic index (VSI), hepatosomatic index (HSI), and intraperitoneal fat ratio (IPFR) increased with increasing the dietary starch level from 5 to 15%. Compared with 10% lipids, 12.5% lipids in diets increased IPFR but had no effect on VSI or HSI. The concentrations of glucose in serum increased with increasing the dietary starch level from 5 to 15% at 4 to 24 h after feeding, with the effect of dietary lipids being time-dependent. Compared with a 5%-starch diet, fish fed a diet with 10%- or 15%-starch exhibited an enlarged and pale liver with excessive glycogen. Based on these findings, we recommend dietary lipid and starch levels to be 10% and < 10%, respectively, for juvenile LMB to maximize the retention of dietary protein in their bodies.

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Abbreviations

AFI:

Absolute feed intake (g/fish)

BW:

Body weight

CP:

Crude protein

FCR:

Feed conversion ratio

HSI:

Hepatosomatic index

IPFR:

Intraperitoneal fat ratio

LMB:

Largemouth bass

NO:

Nitric oxide

PAS:

Periodic acid-Schiff

PER:

Protein efficiency ratio

VSI:

Viscerosomatic index

WG:

Weight gain

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Acknowledgements

We thank students and research assistants in our laboratory for helpful discussions. Financial support by Guangdong Yeuhai Feeds Group Co., Ltd. is gratefully appreciated.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA

    Xinyu Li & Guoyao Wu

  2. Guangdong Yuehai Feeds Group Co., Ltd., Zhanjiang, 524017, Guangdong, China

    Shixuan Zheng, Xuekun Ma & Kaimin Cheng

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  1. Xinyu Li
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  2. Shixuan Zheng
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  3. Xuekun Ma
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  4. Kaimin Cheng
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  5. Guoyao Wu
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Correspondence to Guoyao Wu.

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Li, X., Zheng, S., Ma, X. et al. Effects of dietary starch and lipid levels on the protein retention and growth of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Amino Acids 52, 999–1016 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-020-02869-6

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