Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Diffusion-bonded pulsating heat pipes: fabrication study and new channel proposal

  • Technical Paper
  • Published:
Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In the present work, diffusion bonding technology used for fabrication of pulsating heat pipes (PHP) in a high-vacuum, high-pressure and high-temperature furnace is discussed. Seven different configurations of PHPs were manufactured, subjected to different fabrication parameters. PHPs with 10 and 26 parallel channels of circular and square cross-sectional areas were constructed. In addition, a PHP with a novel cross-sectional channel geometry, composed by a circular area with lateral grooves, which is easily fabricated by the present technology, is proposed. The deformation of the geometries of the channel cross sections was observed. The square channel PHP showed large deformation, while the deformations of the circular ones, including the new proposed geometry, were small. The distribution of the PHPs along the matrix in a single bonding cycle showed to be a very important parameter: Those PHPs produced in parallel presented some deformation and leakage problems, while those made by stacking mode did not presented any leakage. Scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy were used to assess that diffusion bonding is a very suitable and promising technology for the fabrication of PHPs. The thermal tests showed that the grooved circular channel PHP presents higher thermal performance.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19
Fig. 20
Fig. 21
Fig. 22
Fig. 23
Fig. 24
Fig. 25

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

CNC:

Computer numerical control

\(D_{h}\) :

Hydraulic diameter (mm)

FR:

Filling ratio (%)

h-BN:

Hexagonal boron nitride

H2SO4 :

Sulfuric acid

Ke-V:

Kilo-electronvolt (J)

PHP:

Pulsating heat pipe

Q:

Heat load (W)

R:

Radius (mm)

\(R_{t}\) :

Total resistance (°C/W)

SM:

Stop motion

SO:

Stop-over

STU:

Start-up

\(\overline{T}_{e}\) :

Mean temperature at evaporator zone (°C)

\(\overline{T}_{c}\) :

Mean temperature at condenser zone (°C)

Tm :

Mean temperature (°C)

SEM:

Scanning electron microscopy

\(\overline{\Delta T}_{m}\) :

Mean difference of temperature (°C)

\(\varepsilon\) :

Thickness (mm)

\(\sigma\) :

Mean deviation

References

  1. Dixit T, Ghosh I (2015) Review of micro- and mini-channel heat sinks and heat exchangers for single phase fluids. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 41:1298–1311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.09.024

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Han X, Wang X, Zheng H et al (2016) Review of the development of pulsating heat pipe for heat dissipation. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 59:692–709. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.12.350

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Khan MG, Farjat A (2011) A review on microchannel heat exchangers and potential applications. Int J Energy Res 35:553–582. https://doi.org/10.1002/er.1720

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Khandekar S, Khandekar S, Schneider M et al (2003) Thermofluid dynamic study of flat plate closed loop pulsating heat pipes. Microscale Thermophys Eng 3954:303–317. https://doi.org/10.1080/10893950290098340

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Yang H, Khandekar S, Groll M (2009) Performance characteristics of pulsating heat pipes as integral thermal spreaders. Int J Therm Sci 48:815–824. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2008.05.017

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Soo D, Kim D, Ho S, Kim Y (2019) Comparative thermal performance evaluation between ultrathin flat plate pulsating heat pipe and graphite sheet for mobile electronic devices at various operating conditions. Appl Therm Eng 149:1427–1434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.12.146

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Facin A, Betancur L, Mantelli M et al (2018) Influence of channel geometry on diffusion bonded flat plate pulsating heat pipes. In: 19th International heat pipe conference and 13th international heat pipe symposium. Pisa, Italy, June 10–14, 2018

  8. Cai Q, Chen C-L, Asfia JF (2006) Heat transfer enhancement of planar pulsating heat pipe device. In: Proceedings of the ASME 2006 international mechanical engineering congress and exposition, heat transfer, vol 2. pp 153–158. https://doi.org/10.1115/IMECE2006-13737

  9. Qu J, Li X, Xu Q, Wang Q (2017) Thermal performance comparison of oscillating heat pipes with and without helical micro-grooves. Heat Mass Transf 53:3383–3390. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-017-2082-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Kim W, Kim SJ (2018) Effect of reentrant cavities on the thermal performance of a pulsating heat pipe. Appl Therm Eng 133:61–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.01.027

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Ibrahim OT, Monroe JG, Thompson SM et al (2017) An investigation of a multi-layered oscillating heat pipe additively manufactured from Ti–6Al–4V powder. Int J Heat Mass Transf 108:1036–1047. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2016.12.063

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Groeneveld G, Van Gerner HJ, Wits WW (2017) An experimental study towards the practical application of closed-loop flat-plate pulsating heat pipes. 2017 23rd International workshop on thermal investigations of ICs and systems (THERMINIC). IEEE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, pp 1–6

    Google Scholar 

  13. Wits WW, Groeneveld G, Van Gerner HJ (2019) Experimental investigation of a flat-plate closed-loop pulsating heat pipe. J Heat Transf. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4042367

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Vassilev M, Avenas Y, Schaeffer C et al (2007) Experimental study of a pulsating heat pipe with combined circular and square section channels. 2007 IEEE industry applications annual meeting. LA, USA, New Orleans, pp 1419–1425

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  15. Mylavarapu SK, Sun X, Christensen RN et al (2012) Fabrication and design aspects of high-temperature compact diffusion bonded heat exchangers. Nucl Eng Des 249:49–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2011.08.043

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Mortean MVV, de Buschinelli AJ, de Paiva KV et al (2016) Soldagem por difusão de aços inoxidáveis para fabricação de trocadores de calor compactos. Soldag Inspeção 21:103–114. https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-9224/SI2101.10

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Betancur L, Facin A, Paiva K et al (2018) Study of flat plate closed loop pulsating heat pipes with alternating porous media. In: 19th International heat pipe conference and 13th international heat pipe symposium. Pisa, Italy, June 10–14, 2018

  18. Facin A (2018) Influência da geometria do canal em tubos de calor pulsantes unidos por difusão. Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis

    Google Scholar 

  19. Schwartz MM (1969) Modern metal joining techniques. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  20. Gietzelt T, Toth V, Huell A (2016) Diffusion bonding: influence of process parameters and material microstructure. IntechOpen, London, pp 196–216

    Google Scholar 

  21. Mortean MV (2014) Desenvolvimento de tecnologias de recheios para trocadores de calor compactos soldados por difusão. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis

    Google Scholar 

  22. Rusnaldy R (2001) Diffusion bonding: an advanced of material process. Rotasi 3:23–27

    Google Scholar 

  23. Jahn S, Sändig S, Dahms S, Gemse F (2014) Diffusion bonding systems. Mater Sci Eng Technol 45:807–814. https://doi.org/10.1002/mawe.201400285

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Betancur-Arboleda LA, Flórez Mera JP, Mantelli M (2020) Experimental study of channel roughness effect in diffusion bonded pulsating heat pipes. Appl Therm Eng 166:114734. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.114734

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Kazakov NF (1985) Diffusion bonding of materials. Elsevier, London

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors wish to acknowledge the help of all the members of the Heat Pipe Laboratory (LABTUCAL) at the Federal University of Santa Catarina. The authors would like to thank the LCME-UFSC for technical support during electron microscopy work; to LMP-UFSC for the profilometer measurements and the LABMAT-UFSC by the metallographic support. The authors especially thank Augusto José de Almeida Buschinelli, Mauro Mameli, Júlio César Passos, Leandro da Silva, Priscila Gonçalves, Bruna Coutinho and Gregori Rosinski for their advices and support. This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brazil (CAPES)—Finance Code 001.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Heat Pipes Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, 88040-900, Brazil

    L. Betancur-Arboleda, P. Hulse, I. Melian & M. Mantelli

Authors
  1. L. Betancur-Arboleda
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. P. Hulse
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. I. Melian
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. M. Mantelli
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to L. Betancur-Arboleda.

Additional information

Technical Editor: Francis HR Franca, Ph.D.

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Betancur-Arboleda, L., Hulse, P., Melian, I. et al. Diffusion-bonded pulsating heat pipes: fabrication study and new channel proposal. J Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng. 42, 466 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-020-02555-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-020-02555-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation