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Understanding the Impacts of Sowing Time and Tillage in Optimizing the Micro-Environment for Rainfed Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik) Production in the Lower Indo-Gangetic Plain

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Abstract

Low productivity of rainfed lentil (Lens culinaris Medik) in the post-harvest rice fallows due to soil moisture stress is a major concern in the lower Indo-Gangetic plains. We hypothesized that adjusting sowing dates with proper tillage can optimize the microenvironment for rainfed lentil allowing higher seed yield and improving soil biology. A 2-year field experiment was laid out following a split-plot design during 2014–2016 integrating three lentil sowing dates (early, S1; mid, S2; and late, S3) with two tillage practices (zero tillage, ZT, and conventional tillage, CT) in an Inceptisol of West Bengal, India. The objective was to examine various physiological (relative leaf water content (RLWC), leaf area index (LAI)) and biochemical (chlorophyll, carbohydrate, free amino acids, phenol, proline) changes in lentil, soil biology (soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC), dehydrogenase activity (DHA)), and lentil yield attributes (grain yield, seed index). When sown early, S1, lentils produced ~ 47% and 15% higher grain yield and ~ 23% and 18% higher seed index over S3 and S2, respectively. Delayed sowing (S3) induced early maturity, severe moisture stress that resulted in lower RLWC (14%), LAI (49%), chlorophyll (37%), and carbohydrate (33%) content compared to S1. SMBC and DHA were significantly higher at S1, specifically under ZT, but had negative correlation with phenol, amino acids, and proline. Our experiment concludes that early sowing of lentil coupled with zero tillage can mitigate soil moisture stress in the relay-cropped, rainfed lentil and provide an optimum microenvironment to facilitate sustainable production of lentil in the region.

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Abbreviations

ZT:

Zero tillage

CT:

Conventional tillage

RLWC:

Relative leaf water content

LAI:

Leaf area index

TAW:

Total available water

RAW:

Readily available water

RZSM:

Root zone soil moisture

SMBC:

Soil microbial biomass carbon

DHA:

Dehydrogenase activity

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, 741252, India

    Madhumonti Saha, Prasanta Kumar Bandyopadhyay, Ramprosad Nandi & Khumukchamba Chandrakumar Singh

  2. Division of Environmental Soil Science, Indian Institute of Soil Science, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Bhopal, 462038, India

    Madhumonti Saha & Abhijit Sarkar

  3. Veer Chandra Singh Garhwali College of Horticulture, Uttarakhand University of Horticulture and Forestry, Bharsar, 246 123, India

    Khumukchamba Chandrakumar Singh

  4. Department of Agronomy, Horticulture, and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57006, USA

    Debankur Sanyal

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  1. Madhumonti Saha
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  4. Ramprosad Nandi
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  5. Khumukchamba Chandrakumar Singh
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  6. Debankur Sanyal
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Contributions

All of the authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by Madhumonti Saha, P.K. Bandyopadhyay, Abhijit Sarkar, R. Nandi, and K.C. Singh. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Madhumonti Saha and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Conceptualization, Madhumonti Saha; Methodology, Madhumonti Saha and P.K. Bandyopadhyay;

Formal analysis and investigation: Madhumonti Saha, Abhijit Sarkar, R. Nandi, K.C. Singh

Writing—original draft preparation: Madhumonti Saha

Writing—review and editing: P.K. Bandyopadhyay, Abhijit Sarkar, Debankur Sanyal

Data curation: P.K. Bandyopadhyay, Abhijit Sarkar, R. Nandi, K.C. Singh

Resources: P.K. Bandyopadhyay

Visualization and supervision: P.K. Bandyopadhyay

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Abhijit Sarkar.

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Saha, M., Bandyopadhyay, P.K., Sarkar, A. et al. Understanding the Impacts of Sowing Time and Tillage in Optimizing the Micro-Environment for Rainfed Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik) Production in the Lower Indo-Gangetic Plain. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 20, 2536–2551 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-020-00319-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-020-00319-6

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