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Mechanical Stimuli for Left Ventricular Growth During Pressure Overload

  • Sp Iss: Experimental Advances in Cardiovascular Biomechanics
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Abstract

Background

The mechanical stimulus (i.e., stress or stretch) for growth occurring in the pressure-overloaded left ventricle (LV) is not exactly known.

Objective

To address this issue, we investigate the correlation between local ventricular growth (indexed by local wall thickness) and the local acute changes in mechanical stimuli after aortic banding.

Methods

LV geometric data were extracted from 3D echo measurements at baseline and 2 weeks in the aortic banding swine model (n = 4). We developed and calibrated animal-specific finite element (FE) model of LV mechanics against pressure and volume waveforms measured at baseline. After simulation of the acute effects of pressure-overload, the local changes of maximum, mean and minimum myocardial stretches and stresses in three orthogonal material directions (i.e., fiber, sheet and sheet-normal) over a cardiac cycle were quantified. Correlation between mechanical quantities and the corresponding measured local changes in wall thickness was quantified using the Pearson correlation number (PCN) and Spearman rank correlation number (SCN).

Results

At 2 weeks after banding, the average septum thickness decreased from 10.6 ± 2.92 mm to 9.49 ± 2.02 mm, whereas the LV free-wall thickness increased from 8.69 ± 1.64 mm to 9.4 ± 1.22 mm. The FE results show strong correlation of growth with the changes in maximum fiber stress (PCN = 0.5471, SCN = 0.5111) and changes in the mean sheet-normal stress (PCN = 0.5266, SCN = 0.5256). Myocardial stretches, however, do not have good correlation with growth.

Conclusion

These results suggest that fiber stress is the mechanical stimuli for LV growth in pressure-overload.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA

    J. Mojumder & L. C. Lee

  2. California Medical Innovations Institute, San Diego, CA, USA

    J. S. Choy & G. S. Kassab

  3. National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

    S. Leng & L. Zhong

  4. Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, 8 College Rd, Singapore, Singapore

    L. Zhong

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  1. J. Mojumder
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  2. J. S. Choy
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  3. S. Leng
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  4. L. Zhong
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  5. G. S. Kassab
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  6. L. C. Lee
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to L. C. Lee.

Ethics declarations

This work is supported by National Institutes of Health grants (R01 HL134841 and U01 HL133359) and AHA SDG (17SDG33370110) grant as well as Singapore National Medical Research Council grants (NMRC/BnB/0017/2015; NMRC/OFIRG/0018/2016; MOH-000358). The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest. All applicable international, national and institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed.

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Appendices

Appendix A (Mesh Sensitivity Analysis)

Calibrated Model Parameters

Model Prediction and Correlation Coefficients of Each Pig Model

Sensitivity Analysis of Changes in Fiber Angles

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Mojumder, J., Choy, J.S., Leng, S. et al. Mechanical Stimuli for Left Ventricular Growth During Pressure Overload. Exp Mech 61, 131–146 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11340-020-00643-z

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