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An Overview of Snow Albedo Sensitivity to Black Carbon Contamination and Snow Grain Properties Based on Experimental Datasets Across the Northern Hemisphere

  • Air Pollution (H Zhang and Y Sun, Section Editors)
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

Black carbon (BC) deposition in snow can trigger a significant reduction in snow albedo and accelerate snowmelt. As a result, numerous snow surveys have performed to measure BC concentrations in snow across the polar regions, the Tibetan Plateau, and other high-mountain regions. This review is aimed to synthesize the current progresses of the potential feedbacks of snow albedo and its sensitivity by BC in snow across the Northern Hemisphere.

Recent Findings

Generally, BC concentrations in snow are highest in the mid-latitudes of Northern China and North America, and reduce toward higher latitudes (e.g., Greenland and the rest of the Arctic). We found that the snow albedo reduction attributed to low BC contamination (< 20 ng g−1) in older snow (200 μm snow grains) is 1.2%, compared with 0.6% in fresh snow (50 μm snow grains). Non-spherical snow grains exhibit a significantly lower snow albedo reduction (2–6%) due to BC contamination compared with spherical snow grains with 100–500 ng g−1 of BC in the snowpack. Snow–BC–internal mixing reduces the snow albedo (< 10%) more substantially than does external mixing in the case of 50–200 μm snow grains and a given BC concentration (< 2000 ng g−1).

Summary

Besides the BC and other light-absorbing particles (LAPs), the mixing state of LAPs in snow, snow grain properties, and the scavenging\washing effects are also major challenges in determining snow albedo, which need to be further investigated on a global scale.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Cenlin He to provide the updated SNICAR snow model codes. We deeply thank the reviewer’s valuable comments and suggestions. The data used for analysis are available via a Zenodo archive, which can be found in the references (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3871677).

Funding

This research was supported jointly by the National Key R&D Program of China (2019YFA0606801) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41975157, 41775144, and 41875091).

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  1. Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China

    Xin Wang

  2. College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China

    Xin Wang, Tenglong Shi & Yang Chen

  3. Jilin Weather Modification Office, Changchun, 130000, China

    Xueying Zhang

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  1. Xin Wang
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Wang, X., Shi, T., Zhang, X. et al. An Overview of Snow Albedo Sensitivity to Black Carbon Contamination and Snow Grain Properties Based on Experimental Datasets Across the Northern Hemisphere. Curr Pollution Rep 6, 368–379 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40726-020-00157-1

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