Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNT) have been widely used as catalyst supports, and the confinement of metal nanoparticles inside the CNT cavity have received much attention. In this study, graphitic carbon nitride were used to introduce nitrogen to CNT and form ruthenium nanoparticles inside the CNT channel. The XPS evidenced that the ruthenium nanoparticles in the CNT cavity are present in more reduced state, and the nitrogen species are in a pyridinic and a pyrrolic form. The prepared catalysts exhibited excellent hydrogen and carbon monoxide selectivity. The hydrogen-to-carbon monoxide ratio was close to the stoichiometric ratio of methanol decomposition. In contrast, the ruthenium nanoparticles outside the CNT showed lower carbon monoxide selectivity at high methanol conversion. The alteration of electrical properties of ruthenium nanoparticles by the CNT channel and N-doping might hamper side reactions, such as water gas shift, methanation, dimethyl ether formation upon methanol decomposition.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
D. Zhang, G. Wei, Y. Wang, J. Wang, P. Ning, Q. Zhang, M. Wang, T. Zhang and K. Long, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 35(10), 1979 (2018).
X. Pan, Z. Fan, W. Chen, Y. Ding, H. Luo and X. Bao, Nat. Mater., 6(7), 507 (2007).
E. Castillejos, P.-J. Debouttiére, L. Roiban, A. Solhy, V. Martinez, Y. Kihn, O. Ersen, K. Philippot, B. Chaudret and P. Serp, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 48(14), 2529 (2009).
Z. Peralta-Inga, P. Lane, J. S. Murray, S. Boyd, M. E. Grice, C. J. O’Connor and P. Politzer, Nano Lett., 3(1), 21 (2003).
H. Liu, L. Zhang, N. Wang and D. S. Su, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 53(46), 12634 (2014).
J.-P. Tessonnier, L. Pesant, G. Ehret, M. J. Ledoux and C. Pham-Huu, Appl. Catal. A: Gen., 288(1), 203 (2005).
D. Wang, J. Liu, J. Xi, J. Jiang and Z. Bai, Appl. Surf. Sci., 489, 477 (2019).
I. Palacio and O. R. de la Fuente, Surf. Sci., 606(15–16), 1152 (2012).
J. Sieben and M. Duarte, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 37(13), 9941 (2012).
R. Shiozaki, T. Hayakawa, Y.-Y. Liu, T. Ishii, M. Kumagai, S. Hamakawa, K. Suzuki, T. Itoh, T. Shishido and K. Takehira, Catal. Lett., 58(2–3), 131 (1999).
S. Hokenek and J. N. Kuhn, ACS Catal., 2(6), 1013 (2012).
D. Paneva, T. Tsoncheva, E. Manova, I. Mitov and T. Ruskov, Appl. Catal. A: Gen., 267(1–2), 67 (2004).
T. Tsoncheva, I. Genova, M. Stoyanova, M.-M. Pohl, R. Nickolov, M. Dimitrov, E. Sarcadi-Priboczki, M. Mihaylov, D. Kovacheva and K. Hadjiivanov, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 147, 684 (2014).
M. Fan, Y. Xu, J. Sakurai, M. Demura, T. Hirano, Y. Teraoka and A. Yoshigoe, Catal. Lett., 144(5), 843 (2014).
S. Hong and T. S. Rahman, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 135(20), 7629 (2013).
H. Wang, J. Lu, C. L. Marshall, J. W. Elam, J. T. Miller, H. Liu, J. A. Enterkin, R. M. Kennedy, P. C. Stair and K. R. Poeppelmeier, Catal. Today, 237, 71 (2014).
G. Marbán, A. López, I. López and T. Valdés-Solís, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 99(1–2), 257 (2010).
J. H. Lee, M. J. Park, S. J. Yoo, J. H. Jang, H.-J. Kim, S. W. Nam, C. W. Yoon and J. Y. Kim, Nanoscale, 7(23), 10334 (2015).
T. N. Hien, Y. H. Kim, M. Jeon, H. J. Lee, M. Ridwan, R. Tamarany and W. C. Yoon, Materials, 8(6), 3442 (2015).
J. H. Lee, J. Ryu, J. Y. Kim, S.-W. Nam, J. H. Han, T.-H. Lim, S. Gautam, K. H. Chae and C. W. Yoon, J. Mater. Chem. A, 2(25), 9490 (2014).
Y. K. Kim and H. Park, Energy Environ. Sci., 4(3), 685 (2011).
Y. Park, B. Lee, C. Kim, Y. Oh, S. Nam and B. Park, J. Mater. Res., 24(9), 2762 (2009).
Y. Qiao, S. Guo, K. Zhu, P. Liu, X. Li, K. Jiang, C.-J. Sun, M. Chen and H. Zhou, Energy Environ. Sci., 11(2), 299 (2018).
W.-J. Lee, S. Jeong, H. Lee, B.-J. Kim, K.-H. An, Y.-K. Park and S.-C. Jung, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 34(11), 2993 (2017).
R. Sadri, M. Hosseini, S. N. Kazi, S. Bagheri, N. Zubir, K. H. Solangi, T. Zaharinie and A. Badarudin, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 504, 115 (2017).
M.-H. Chen, C.-Y. Ke and C.-L. Chiang, J. Compos. Sci., 2(2), 18 (2018).
Z.-H. Sheng, L. Shao, J.-J. Chen, W.-J. Bao, F.-B. Wang and X.-H. Xia, ACS Nano, 5(6), 4350 (2011).
J. H. Lee, M. J. Park, J. Jung, J. Ryu, E. Cho, S.-W. Nam, J. Y. Kim and C. W. Yoon, Inorg. Chim. Acta, 422, 3 (2014).
J. Deng, P. Ren, D. Deng, L. Yu, F. Yang and X. Bao, Energy Environ. Sci., 7(6), 1919 (2014).
B. A. Sexton, Surf. Sci., 102(1), 271 (1981).
A. S. Moura, J. L. C. Fajín, A. S. S. Pinto, M. Mandado and M. N. D. S. Cordeiro, J. Phys. Chem. C, 119(49), 27382 (2015).
G.-F. Wei, C. Shang and Z.-P. Liu, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 17(3), 2078 (2015).
Z. Peralta-Inga, P. Lane, J. S. Murray, S. Boyd, M. E. Grice, C. J. O’Connor and P. Politzer, Nano Lett., 3(1), 21 (2003).
Acknowledgement
This research was financially supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2019M3E6A1064910).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Park, SW., Park, J.H., Yoon, C.W. et al. Confinement of Ru nanoparticles inside the carbon nanotube: Selectivity controls on methanol decomposition. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 37, 1365–1370 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-020-0582-6
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-020-0582-6