Measurement of CO2 concentration for occupancy estimation in educational buildings with energy efficiency purposes

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2020.101714Get rights and content

Highlights

  • Energy consumption and indoor environment quality of buildings are linked to the occupation.

  • Occupancy estimation based on carbon dioxide measurement in indoor environment.

  • Time series of carbon dioxide concentration is the basis for occupancy estimation.

  • Monitoring activity carried out in different real situations inside university buildings.

Abstract

The measurement of CO2 concentration is a relevant indicator for defining the occupation of indoor spaces. The real-time knowledge of occupation of such spaces is relevant both for maintaining indoor air quality standards and for energy efficiency purposes connected with the operation of heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems. The exact knowledge of occupation allows for rapid feedback from and the regulation of an HVAC system and the ventilation rate. Interesting applications include educational buildings and other buildings of the civil sector (e.g., shopping centres and hospitals).

This paper provides the results of an experimental analysis in different classrooms of a university campus under real operating conditions, in different periods of the year, and with different kinds of activities. The correlation between the CO2 concentration and occupancy profiles of the spaces is then analysed. Some graphical trends of the CO2 concentrations in these indoor spaces are provided to determine the most important variables affecting such concentrations. The basic elements of the mathematical models for estimating the occupation of classrooms in relation to increases in CO2 concentration are also discussed and analysed.

Keywords

Measurement
Carbon dioxide
Energy efficiency
Occupancy estimation
Indoor air quality
Air ventilation rate

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