Abstract
Purpose
The present study was focused on the synthesis and characterization of cerium with hydroxyapatite for biomedical applications.
Method
Hydroxyapatite (HAp) substituted with variable concentration (0.075, 0.150, 0.225%) of cerium (Ce) was synthesized by sol–gel method. The structural and morphological properties were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX). The average crystallite size of the synthesized samples was determined as 20 nm. The functional group has been identified by FTIR. Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory focused the antibacterial activity and albumin denaturation of cerium. Blood compatibility was performed by hemolytic assay.
Result
The structural property was characterized by X-ray diffraction and crystallite size was determined as 20 nm. The FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of hydroxyl and phosphate functional groups. Antibacterial studies revealed that all cerium-doped hydroxyapatite samples exhibit good antibacterial activity against the pathogens Streptococcus oralis and Streptococcus pyogenes. Hemolysis ratios of the cerium-doped hydroxyapatite sample indicate good blood compatibility. Anti-inflammatory results exhibit high inhibition percentage of albumin denaturation for cerium-doped hydroxyapatite samples.
Conclusion
This study suggests that the cerium proves that it is a good material for biomedical applications.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Shanta P. Hydroxyapatite: preparation, properties and its biomedical applications. Sci Res. 2018;8:225–40.
Piaw P, Cybelle M, Futalan C, Songkot U, Pongtanawat K, Sirilak. Structural characterization of cerium-doped hydroxyapatite nanoparticles synthesized by an ultrasonic-assisted sol-gel technique. Physics. 2018;10:956–63.
Simon V, Lazăr D, Turcu RVF, Mocuta H, Magyari K, Prinz M, et al. Atomic environment in sol-gel derived nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite. Mater Sci Eng B. 2009;165:247–51.
Stanic V, Dimitrijevic S, Antic-Stankovic J, Mitric M, Jokic B, Plecas IB, et al. Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of copper and zinc-dopedhydroxyapatite nanopowders. Appl Surf Sci. 2010;256:6083–9.
Bernards MT, Qin C, Jiang S. MC3T3-E1 cell adhesion to hydroxyapatite with ad-sorbed bone sialoprotein, bone osteopontin, and bovine serum albumin. Colloids Surf B. 2008;64:236–47.
Suchanek WL, Shuk P, Byrappa K, Riman RE, TenHuisen KS, Janas VF. Mechanochemical-hydrothermal synthesis of carbonated apatite powders at roomtemperature. Biomaterials. 2002;23:699–710.
Bang LT, Ishikawa K, Othman R. Effect of silicon and heat-treatment temperature onthe morphology and mechanical properties of silicon-substituted hydroxyapatite. Ceram Int. 2011;37:3637–42.
Niera IS, Kolenko YV, Lebedev OI, Tendeloo GV, Gupta HS, Guitián F, et al. An effective morphology control of hydroxyapatite crystals via hydrothermal synthesis. Cryst Growth Des. 2009;9:466–7.
Tite T, Popa AC, Balescu LM, Bogdan IM, Pasuk I, Ferreira JMF, et al. Cationic substitutions in hydroxyapatite: current status of the derived biofunctional effects and their in vitro interrogation methods. Materials. 2018;11. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11112081.
Cristina L, Aurélien D, Isabelle M, Régis G, Mikael M, Daniela P. Structural and biological assessment of zinc doped hydroxyapatite nanoparticles. J Nanomater. 2016;1:1–10.
Ciobanu CS, Groza A. Antimicrobial activity evaluation on silver doped hydroxyapatite/polydimethylsiloxane composite layer. Bio Med Res Int. 2015;21. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/926513.
Carmen S, Ciobanu CL, Daniala P. Cerium-doped hydroxyapatite nanoparticles synthesized by the co-precipitation method. J Serb Chem Soc. 2016;81(4):433–46.
Gurpreet D, Cornett P, Lawrence M. Hemolytic Anemia. Am Fam Physician. 2004;69:2599–607.
Leelaprakash G, Mohan S. Invitro anti inflammatory activity of methonal extract of Enicostemma Axillare. Int J Drug Dev Res. 2011;3(3):189–96.
Reshma, Arun K, Brindha P. In vitro anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and nephroprotective studies on leaves of Aegle marmelos and Ocimum sanctum. Asian J Pharm Clin Res. 2014;7:4 ISSN - 0974-2441.
Mizushima Y, Kobayashi M. Interaction of anti-inflammatory drugs with serum proteins, especially with some biologically active proteins. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1968;20(3):169–73.
Sakat S, Juvekar AR, Gambhire MN. In vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of methanol extract of Oxalis corniculata a Linn. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2010;(1):146–56.
Acknowledgements
Authors gratefully acknowledge the institution, The Madura College, Madurai, for its constant encouragement for the research activities. Authors acknowledge the assistance of Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility (SAIF), Cochin, for the characterization of the samples.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Saranya, S., Rani, M.P. In Vitro Studies of Ce-Doped Hydroxyapatite Synthesized by Sol–Gel Method for Biomedical Applications. J Pharm Innov 16, 493–503 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12247-020-09472-y
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12247-020-09472-y