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Comprehensive physiological and transcriptomic analysis revealing the responses of hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀ × E. lanceolatus♂) to the replacement of fish meal with soy protein concentrate

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Abstract

Plant proteins are suitable and alternative to fish meals (FMs), with less cost compared with that of all other types of fish feeds. In recent years, soy protein concentrate (SPC) has emerged as a cost-effective alternative to FM; however, little is known regarding the effects of dietary SPC on general fish physiology and well-being. This study aimed to perform comprehensive physiological and transcriptomic analysis for testing the applicability of SPC as fish feeds in hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀ × E. lanceolatus♂) [SPC replaced 0% (CK), 30% (SPC30), and 75% (SPC75) of FM protein]. Generally, SPC30 promoted fish survival and had less effects on the phenotype, while SPC75 reduced fish survival, promoted inflammation, and regulated multiple physiological responses. Thousands of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by SPC were identified in the intestine, liver, and muscle, which were enriched in biological regulation, cellular process, metabolic process, single-organism process, cell, cell part, membrane, binding, and catalytic activity based on RNA-seq. Notably, some DEGs involved in amino acid and lipid metabolism in the digestive system highlighted the modulatory effect of SPC on these metabolic processes, consistent with the physiological responses including enzyme activities. The enriched aspects of these predominant DEGs might be directly related to the different effects of SPC30 and SPC75 on fish growth, digestibility, and underlying enzyme activities and histology. In conclusion, the comprehensive physiological and transcriptomic comparative analysis of CK, SPC30, and SPC75 was also effective in testing the applicability of SPC as fish feeds and in designing a proper diet with the best impact on the growth performance and health of fish in hybrid grouper.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province (No. 20163074, No. 20163071, and No. 2019RC246), the Major Science and Technology Projects in Hainan Province from Science and Technology Department of Hainan Province government, China (No. ZDKJ2016009), the Hainan Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Tropical Marine Fishery Resources, and Sanya Key Laboratory of Seawater Aquaculture Research (No. L1507).

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  1. Hainan Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Tropical Marine Fishery Resources, Sanya, 572022, Hainan province, People’s Republic of China

    Yan Chen, Wenkan Liu, Jun Ma & Hai Huang

  2. College of Fisheries and Life Science, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya, 572022, Hainan Province, People’s Republic of China

    Yan Chen, Wenkan Liu, Jun Ma & Hai Huang

  3. Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China

    Yaorong Wang

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  1. Yan Chen
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Correspondence to Jun Ma.

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Chen, Y., Liu, W., Ma, J. et al. Comprehensive physiological and transcriptomic analysis revealing the responses of hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀ × E. lanceolatus♂) to the replacement of fish meal with soy protein concentrate. Fish Physiol Biochem 46, 2037–2053 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-020-00851-3

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