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A novel USP-HPTLC protocol compliant method for the simultaneous quantification of E-102, E-124, and E-133 azo dyes in consumer goods

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Abstract

Azo dyes, in spite of being additives, are indeed an integral constituent of consumer goods with bio-therapeutic values. The addition of dyes is for consumer compliance which lends a sense of pleasing aesthetics to the consumption ready product, “a kind of placebo effect”. Consequently, imperative need of the hour is felt to quantify such azo dyes due to complications like skin allergic reactions, genotoxicity, and ADHD symptoms leading to carcinogenicity in the long run, by apt analytical technique. In the proposed research, a pivotal USP-HPTLC compliant, validated, digitized method with multiple wavelength detection using TLC silica gel 60 F254 aluminum plates is developed. Mobile phase comprising of n-butanol–isopropanol–25% ammonia (GR grade)–water (65:20:10:5, v/v) has been put to task and subjected to spectro-densitometric scan for their simultaneous screening and quantification. Validation was done as per ICH and US FDA guidelines incorporating the latest 21 CFR approved, digital image CAMAG visionCATS software. The results revealed that the proposed method was highly sensitive with good linear relationship R = 99.999% and RSD of 0.456%. Thus, the method may be employed as standard quality control tool in consumer goods for characterization of azo dyes, which are still in the spectrum of doubt especially given the opaque data that surfaces on their safety profiles.

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Abbreviations

Ng:

Nanograms

LOD:

Limit of detection

LOQ:

Limit of quantification

HPTLC:

High-performance thin-layer chromatography

Nm:

Nanometers

μg/mL:

Microgram/milliliters

ADHD:

Attention deficit hyperactivity syndrome

ICH:

International Conference on Harmonization

CFR:

Code of Federal Regulations

US-FDA:

United States Food and Drug Administration

EFSA:

European Food Safety Authority

FSSAI:

Food Safety and Standards Authority of India

GIT:

Gastrointestinal tract

WHO:

World Health Organization

FAO:

Food and Agricultural Organization

MS :

Mass spectrometry

HPLC:

High-performance liquid chromatography

GMP:

Good manufacturing practices

GLP :

Good laboratory practices

RH:

Relative humidity

mg:

Milligrams

EP:

European Pharmacopoeia

USP:

United States Pharmacopeia

R F :

Retardation factor/retention factor

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Acknowledgments

The authors truly acknowledge Mr. Krishna Umargikar and Neelikon Food Dyes Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, for timely help, providing reference standards of synthetic food dyes. Authors are thankful and grateful to president, CHIKA Overseas Mr. A. K. Das and General manager, Mr. M. G. Nandanwadkar for instrumental guidance and facility. Authors also express sincere gratitude to Anchrom Test Labs Pvt. LTD, Mulund, Mumbai, India.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, KLE College of Pharmacy, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi, Belgaum, Karnataka, 590-010, India

    Shrikrishna Madhukar Nandanwadkar

  2. Department of Pharmaceutics, KLE College of Pharmacy (A constituent unit of KAHER), Nehru Nagar, Belagavi, Karnataka, India

    Vinayak Mastiholimath

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  1. Shrikrishna Madhukar Nandanwadkar
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Correspondence to Shrikrishna Madhukar Nandanwadkar.

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Nandanwadkar, S.M., Mastiholimath, V. A novel USP-HPTLC protocol compliant method for the simultaneous quantification of E-102, E-124, and E-133 azo dyes in consumer goods. JPC-J Planar Chromat 33, 405–412 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00764-020-00038-9

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