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Silication of Dimensionally Stable Cellulose Aerogels for Improving Their Mechanical Properties

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Abstract

Dimensionally stable aerogels that retain their shapes and geometric sizes in solutions have been formed from cellulose subjected to an intense mechanical treatment in combination with freeze-thawing. This treatment has resulted in partial separation of numerous micro/nanosized fibrils that surround residual fibers. Their entanglement promotes an increase in the mechanical strength and stability of the aerogels in solutions. Silication (mineralization) of the cellulose aerogels has been performed by the sol–gel method in dilute solutions of a precursor, tetraethoxysilane, at its maximum concentration of 1 wt %. According to FTIR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy data, the modification has resulted in the formation of thin silica coatings on the micro/nanofibrils. The study of the mechanical properties in the compression mode has shown a substantial increase in the mechanical strength and a decrease in the elasticity of the aerogels as a result of their mineralization. For example, after the treatment in a 1% precursor solution, the Young’s modulus has increased by an order of magnitude, while the linear portion of the stress–strain curve has become shorter. At the same time, the existence of the thin silica coating on the micro/nanofibrils has no effect on the mechanical properties of the aerogels placed into aqueous solutions. This may be explained by the plasticizing effect of water adsorbed by hydrophilic cellulose.

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Notes

  1. Here, the term “silica” refers to silicon dioxide that contains some amount of bound and adsorbed water and is represented by the formula SiO2 · nH2O. It is the product of partial dehydration of polysilicic acids formed in the course of the sol–gel synthesis. This term is predominantly used in the English-language literature. However, it is also increasingly employed in Russian communications. In its essence, it is analogous to “silica gel.”

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Funding

This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project no. 18-53-52016-MNT_а.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Chemistry, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022, Vladivostok, Russia

    O. N. Khlebnikov, I. V. Postnova & Yu. A. Shchipunov

  2. Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, 106-17, Taipei, Taiwan

    Li-Jen Chen

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  1. O. N. Khlebnikov
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  2. I. V. Postnova
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  3. Li-Jen Chen
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  4. Yu. A. Shchipunov
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Correspondence to Yu. A. Shchipunov.

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Translated by A. Kirilin

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Khlebnikov, O.N., Postnova, I.V., Chen, LJ. et al. Silication of Dimensionally Stable Cellulose Aerogels for Improving Their Mechanical Properties. Colloid J 82, 448–459 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1061933X20040043

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