Review ArticleDisaster resilience through big data: Way to environmental sustainability
Introduction
Disasters are the outcome of abnormal weather or long term climate change effect that are increasing gradually all over the world. Developed countries can easily manage the harmful effects of climate change but developing countries tend to be less resilient and more prone to suffering [1]. People can see only direct damages but it is very difficult to realize the indirect damages. Various factors are responsible for natural hazards. Climate change is one of the leading factors that causes frequent natural hazards [2] and is now a growing concern throughout the world due to its increasing adverse effect on almost all aspects of life. Though disaster vulnerable communities across the world are trying to manage climate change effects through context-specific adaptation strategies, it remains unclear whether these can effectively protect them from the devastating effects [3]. At the same time, it is increasingly recognized that specific technologies can help improve each stage of disaster management in poorer communities [4].
Resilience is a popular concept frequently used in the disaster literatures [5]. It means “bounce back” and focuses to a process of bounce back to previous condition after facing any disturbance caused by hazards [6]. It also shows the extent of human-environment interactions [7]. According to UNISDR (United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction) [8], “resilience is the ability of a system, community or society exposed to hazards to resist, absorb, accommodate to and recover from the effects of a hazard in a timely and efficient manner, including through the preservation and restoration of its essential basic structures and functions.” Disaster resilience, a key concept in disaster management, refers to the ability of an individual, group or community to revert back to former normal condition after a hazard [9]. Integrating adaptive, absorptive and transformative capacity, resilience focuses on the multi-dimensional capacity of a community unit to face and successfully manage disaster and reduce vulnerability by enhancing adaptive, absorptive and transformative capacity [10]. Resilience addresses various root causes of disasters by building capacity and identifying proper adaptation strategies [11,12]. Disaster resilience also involves network capacities [13], livelihood capitals [14], physical system [15] and governance [16]. Big data technology is an important tool for enhancing resilience in terms of policy making, decision making, leadership, research and administration [17].
Big data is a comparatively new paradigm of technology and approach to disaster resilience [18]. It helps academicians, researchers and administrators to conduct analyses and decision making through the efficient scientific use of large data sets, mobile phones [19], and social media [[9], [10], [11]]. Big data provides a promising opportunity for information and communication to enable susceptible communities to prepare for upcoming threats, challenges, risks and disasters [[12], [13], [14], [15]]. The incidence of hazards is beyond the control of human beings and causes huge damage to lives and assets, with about 60,000 people dying each year due to natural hazards [22]. Technology plays a key role in reducing vulnerability and enhancing disaster resilience. Big data technologies, with its multitude of platform applications, is considered to be a promising tool to develop disaster resilience. This study represents an initial initiative to identify technologies already proven to be effective. Its findings provide a new lens for enhancing community disaster resilience through big data to the academicians, researchers and decision makers. Some research has already been conducted on disaster management [23], disaster resilience [8,18] and big data application in the environmental management field [[19], [20], [21]] but studies related to disaster resilience applications are still lacking. Since disaster risk is related to the effect of natural hazards, vulnerability, and scarcity of natural resources, big data can be an effective approach to enhance resilience. Effective data-driven strategies can be helpful in understanding and responding to the dynamic environmental conditions leading to disaster risk. Considering the practical importance, this study explores the potential of big data for enhancing disaster resilience.
Section snippets
Research design
A systematic desk literature review was conducted covering relevant research over the last 10 years. Recent data was collected from participants in ongoing debate over the potential of big data for disaster resilience. This study focuses on big data approaches aimed at enhancing disaster resilience.
Search strategy
Desk literature review is an indispensable first step toward identifying and developing new paradigms within emerging fields of study. Therefore, recent related studies were extensively searched in
Systematic review results
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) recommendations were followed for the systematic literature review [25]. At first, 397 documents were obtained with eight related documents from their bibliographies. Next, 167 documents were detected after abstract screening. A total of 134 documents were then removed due to lack of full text, redundancy or absence of a big data approach to disaster management. Finally, the most relevant 21 documents encompassing journal articles, books, book
Discussion
Based on the examined literature, this section provides a detailed explanation of the potential of big data for improving disaster resilience.
Conclusion
Considering the great importance of leveraging big data for enhancing resilience for disaster management, this study focused on various scholars’ examination of recent technologies that can help people in all stages of disaster management. This study reveals that disaster resilience is a combined function of the adaptive, absorptive and transformative capacity of an individual or society to withstand and cope with the adverse effects of the disaster. This study identifies the effective uses of
Declaration of competing interest
The authors declare that there is no conflict to any matter of the manuscript.
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