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Time–Temperature–Precipitation Relations for Nitrides and Evaluation of Internal Oxidation Theory for Nitridation of Austenitic Stainless Steel

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Abstract

Internal nitridation kinetics were determined for a UNS N08810/800H alloy using a general model of the form \(x^{n}=kt\). Nitridation behavior was studied at service-relevant temperatures 800 °C to 1000 °C in a 95 pct \(\hbox {N}_2/5\,{\text{pct}}\)\(\hbox {H}_2\) atmosphere for times 50 to 750 hours. Optical and scanning electron microscopy were used for microstructural characterization and measurement of nitride penetration. AlN, \(\hbox {Cr}_2\hbox {N}\), and CrN were formed, and the experimentally observed precipitation sequence was consistent with equilibrium calculations for this alloy using Thermo-Calc. A combination of diffusivity data determined using DICTRA and experimentally verified equilibrium calculations showed that Wagner’s analysis for internal oxidation kinetics was valid for AlN penetration. Parabolic kinetics closely approximated measured AlN penetration. This suggests that extension of AlN penetration models to other temperatures and Fe-Ni-Cr-Al alloy systems is reasonable. \(\hbox {Cr}_2\hbox {N}\) penetration did not conform to Wagner’s analysis. Deviation from parabolic behavior was evident, and general model penetration predictions for \(\hbox {Cr}_2\hbox {N}\) were experimentally validated. Using the experimentally determined models, time–temperature–precipitation diagrams for AlN and \(\hbox {Cr}_2\hbox {N}\) penetration were constructed.

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Acknowledgments

The financial support of the Methanex Corporation in conducting this research is gratefully acknowledged. The authors would like to thank Peter Tait of Methanex New Zealand Ltd. for his support, and Assoc. Prof. Matt Watson and Leigh Richardson from the University of Canterbury Chemical and Process Engineering Department for the use of their facilities and their assistance in conducting nitridation treatments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8041, New Zealand

    Alice M. Young, Milo V. Kral & Catherine M. Bishop

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  1. Alice M. Young
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Correspondence to Catherine M. Bishop.

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Manuscript submitted October 9, 2019.

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Young, A.M., Kral, M.V. & Bishop, C.M. Time–Temperature–Precipitation Relations for Nitrides and Evaluation of Internal Oxidation Theory for Nitridation of Austenitic Stainless Steel. Metall Mater Trans A 51, 4456–4470 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-020-05868-0

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