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Effect of design and operating parameters on thermal performance of low-temperature direct absorption solar collectors: a review

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Abstract

Solar water heating is one of the most efficient solar technologies in the domestic sector. The most important component of the solar thermal systems is the solar collector, which converts solar radiation to useful thermal energy. There are many types of solar collectors, which are categorized based on the operating temperature (low, medium and high temperatures) or the working fluid (gas or liquid). One of the newest types of solar collectors is direct absorption solar collector in which solar radiation is absorbed through the working fluid, unlike other collectors that use the surface absorber or indirectly absorb the solar radiation. The common working fluid for DASC is the suspension of metal, metal oxide or carbon nanomaterials in solar common fluids (water, EG, PG and Therminol VP-1). In this review paper, the effect of design and operating parameters on the thermal performance of low-temperature direct absorption solar collector is summarized. Using the numerous studies done in this field, the efficiency enhancement of DASC by variation of the collector geometric properties, the flow properties (the flow rate and Reynolds number), the working fluid properties (the base fluid, the nanoparticle material and size, and the nanofluid concentration), and the collector design is identified. This paper also identifies the current challenges facing the direct absorption solar collectors and the future recommendations for developing and commercializing these collectors.

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Abbreviations

c p :

Specific heat (J kg−1 K−1)

D :

Particle diameter (m)

f v :

Particle volume fraction (ppm)

G T :

Incident solar flux on tilted surface (W m−2)

K e :

Extinction coefficient (m−1)

L :

Length (m)

m :

Complex refractive index

\(\dot{m}\) :

Mass flowrate (kg s−1)

Q :

Total solar radiation heat flux (W m−2)

T :

Temperature (K)

W :

Width (m)

\(\theta\) :

Non-dimensional temperature difference

λ :

Wavelength (m)

a:

Ambient

in:

Inlet

max:

Maximum

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran

    Maryam Karami

  2. School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

    Mehran Bozorgi

  3. Department of Mechanical Installations, Road, Housing, Urban Development Research Center (BHRC), Tehran, Iran

    Shahram Delfani

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  1. Maryam Karami
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Karami, M., Bozorgi, M. & Delfani, S. Effect of design and operating parameters on thermal performance of low-temperature direct absorption solar collectors: a review. J Therm Anal Calorim 146, 993–1013 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-020-10043-z

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