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Optical experimental study on cavitation development with different patterns in diesel injector nozzles at different fuel temperatures

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Abstract

In this study, the effect of fuel temperature on cavitation inception, cavitation development structure, flow regime and near-field spray was explored, especially focus was put on a special kind of vortex-induced string-type cavitation and its effects on spray behavior. It can be seen that the higher the fuel temperature, the smaller the injection pressure corresponding to the cavitation inception is, and the faster it develops under the same injection pressure. The growth of geometry-induced near-wall cavitation at different fuel temperatures is weaker than that of vortex-induced string cavitation. The single initial bubble can be an origin for inducing the string cavitation after entering the nozzle orifice, whose intensity is larger at the higher fuel temperature. Although the effect of initial bubbles at the lower fuel temperature is weaker, continuous initial bubbles can still induce the formation of string cavitation and then stabilize it in the nozzle orifice. String cavitation initiated at the outlet is undemanding to occur at a higher temperature, and it becomes challenging to develop towards the inlet when the injection pressure increases. The frequency of the cloud cavitation shedding increases with the higher fuel temperature incurring a reduction in fuel viscosity.

Graphic abstract

The variation of cavitation patterns at different fuel temperatures in diesel nozzles: The string cavitation intensity increases gradually as the injection pressure increases. Meanwhile, the growth of string cavitation area becomes faster with growing the temperature. When the injection pressure is increased to 0.6 MPa, further augment of the cavitation area is significantly limited due to the space limitation of the orifice, resulting in a slowdown of the growth rate.

The development characteristics of string cavitation with temperature (h = 1 mm)

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Abbreviations

K factor :

Conicity factor of nozzle orifice

D :

Nozzle orifice diameter

L :

Nozzle orifice length

I string :

Intensity of string cavitation

I geo :

Intensity of geometry-induced cavitation

A :

Cross section area of nozzle orifice

h :

Needle lift

S string :

Area of string cavitation in 2D image

S orifice :

Area of nozzle orifice in 2D image

P inj :

Injection pressure

P amb :

Ambient pressure

T :

Fuel temperature

o:

Outlet of nozzle orifice

in:

Inlet of nozzle orifice

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 51776088), a Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu High Education Institutions, High-tech Research Key laboratory of Zhenjiang (SS2018002), and Research Innovation Plan for Postgraduates in Jiangsu Universities (no. KYCX19_1595).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China

    Tianyi Cao, Zhixia He, Zhanbo Si, Ahmed I. EL-Seesy & Wei Guan

  2. School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China

    Tianyi Cao, Wei Guan, Han Zhou & Qian Wang

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Benha Faculty of Engineering, Benha University, Benha, Qalubia, 13512, Egypt

    Ahmed I. EL-Seesy

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  1. Tianyi Cao
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  2. Zhixia He
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Correspondence to Zhixia He.

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Cao, T., He, Z., Si, Z. et al. Optical experimental study on cavitation development with different patterns in diesel injector nozzles at different fuel temperatures. Exp Fluids 61, 185 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-020-03006-5

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