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Biological activities of [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines and analogs

  • Review Article
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Abstract

The [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines (TPs) comprise an important class of non-naturally occurring small molecules that aroused the interest of researches. This scaffold is present in diverse important structures in agriculture and medicinal chemistry, such as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiparasitic, and anticancer. As over the decades the development of the chemistry and application of 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines has continued and even accelerated, in this review, we thoroughly discussed the applications of TPs in both agriculture and medicinal chemistry highlighting the significance of this nucleus.

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Abbreviations

Aβ:

β-amyloid peptide

ABC:

ATP-binding cassette

AChE:

acetylcholinesterase

AD:

alzheimer’s disease

AHAS:

acetolactate synthase

AIDS:

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

cAMP:

cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate

ATP:

adenosine triphosphate

BET:

bromodomain extra terminal

BRD:

bromodomain family

BuChE:

butyrylcholinesterase

BZD:

benzodiazepine

CA-4:

combretastatin A-4

CDK-2:

cyclin-dependent kinase 2

CNS:

central nervous system

CRF:

corticotropin-releasing factor

dCTPase:

deoxycytidine-5-triphosphate pyrophosphatase 1

CXCR2:

chemokine-coupled receptor

CYP2D6:

cytochrome P450 isozyme 2D6

DHODH:

dihydroorotate dehydrogenase

DPP4:

dipeptidyl peptidase 4

DPPH:

1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl

FABP:

fatty acid-binding protein

FRAP:

ferric reducing antioxidant power

GABA:

gamma-aminobutyric acid

H1N1:

influenza virus A

HBsAg:

HBV surface antigen

HBV:

hepatitis B virus

HCV:

hepatitis C virus

HIV-1:

human immunodeficiency virus type-1

HSV-1:

herpes simplex virus type-1

I.T.P.:

inhibition of tubulin polymerization

LSD1:

lysine-specific demethylase 1

MDR:

multidrug resistance

MetAP-2:

methionine aminopeptidase 2

MT:

microtubules

MTB:

mycobacterium tuberculosis

MTT:

3-[4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide

NNRTI:

non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor

NS5B:

non-structural protein 5B

NTP-PPases:

nucleoside triphosphate pyrophosphatases

PA-PB1:

polymerase acidic protein-basic protein 1

Peg-IFN:

pegylated interferon

PDE:

phosphodiesterase

PI:

protection index

PI3K:

phosphoinositide 3-kinase

PPAT:

phosphopantetheine adenylyltransferase

PTEN:

phosphatase and tensin homolog

QSAR:

quantitative structure-activity relationship

RdRP:

RNA-dependent RNA polymerase

RT:

reverse transcriptase enzyme

SAR:

structure-activity relationship

S.I.:

selectivity index

TB:

tuberculosis

TDP2:

tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 2

TMV:

tobacco mosaic virus

TOP2:

topoisomerase II

TP:

triazolopyrimidine

VEGF:

vascular endothelial growth factor

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Acknowledgements

This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior-Brasil (CAPES)-Finance Code 001. EMCP thanks to Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico (CNPq) for scholarship.

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  1. Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de S. João Batista s/n, Centro, 24020-141, Niterói, RJ, Brazil

    Sergio Pinheiro & Jaqueline C. Pessôa

  2. Departamento de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil

    Erick M. C. Pinheiro & Estela M. F. Muri

  3. Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil

    Mayara A. Cadorini & Sandro J. Greco

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  1. Sergio Pinheiro
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Pinheiro, S., Pinheiro, E.M.C., Muri, E.M.F. et al. Biological activities of [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines and analogs. Med Chem Res 29, 1751–1776 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00044-020-02609-1

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