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Characterization and Genome Analysis of a Novel Marine Alteromonas Phage P24

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Abstract

Although Alteromonas is ubiquitous in the marine environment, very little is known about Alteromonas phages, with only ten, thus far, being isolated and reported on. In this study, a novel double-stranded DNA phage, Alteromonas phage P24, which infects Alteromonas macleodii, was isolated from the coastal waters off Qingdao. Alteromonas phage P24 has a siphoviral morphology, with an icosahedral head, 61 ± 1 nm in diameter, and a tail length of 105 ± 1 nm. Alteromonas phage P24 contains lipids. It has an optimal temperature and pH for growth of 20℃ and 5–7, respectively. A one-step growth curve shows a latent period of 55 min, a rise period of 65 min, and an average burst size of approximately 147 virions per cell. Alteromonas phage P24 has the genome of 46,945 bp with 43.80% GC content and 74 open reading frames (ORFs) without tRNA. The results of the phylogenetic tree, based on the mcp and terL genes, show that Alteromonas phage P24 is closely related to Aeromonas phage phiARM81ld. Meanwhile, phylogenetic analysis based on the whole genome of P24 indicates that it forms a unique viral sub-cluster within Siphoviridae. This study contributes to the understanding of the genomic characteristics and the virus-host interactions of Alteromonas phages.

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Data Availability

The complete genome sequence of Alteromonas phage P24 was submitted to the GenBank under accession number MK241539. BioSample accession numbers (SAMN11618747) and BioProject accession numbers (PRJNA527681) are available in the NCBI BioSample database (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/biosample/) and BioProject database (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/), respectively.

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Acknowledgments

This study was financially supported by the Marine S&T Fund of Shandong Province for Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao) (No.2018SDKJ0406-6), National Key Research and Development Program of China: 2018YFC1406704, The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (201812002), Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 41606153; 41976117; 41676178; 41906126).

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  1. Xinran Zhang and Yundan Liu have contributed equally to this study.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Shinan District, Qingdao, 266071, People’s Republic of China

    Xinran Zhang, Yundan Liu, Min Wang, Meiwen Wang, Tong Jiang, Jianhua Sun, Chen Gao, Yong Jiang, Cui Guo, Hongbing Shao, Yantao Liang & Andrew McMinn

  2. Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China

    Min Wang, Yong Jiang, Cui Guo, Hongbing Shao, Yantao Liang & Andrew McMinn

  3. Key Lab of Polar Oceanography and Global Ocean Change, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China

    Min Wang, Yong Jiang, Cui Guo, Hongbing Shao & Yantao Liang

  4. Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia

    Andrew McMinn

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  1. Xinran Zhang
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Contributions

Yantao Liang, Hongbing Shao, Yong Jiang, and Min Wang designed the experiments and critically evaluated the manuscript. Xinran Zhang analyzed the data and wrote the manuscript. Yundan Liu isolated the phage and conducted the biological characterization experiments. Meiwen Wang, Tong Jiang, Jianhua Sun, and Chen Gao conducted the sequencing experiments. Andrew McMinn and Cui Guo critically revised and polished the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Hongbing Shao or Yantao Liang.

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Zhang, X., Liu, Y., Wang, M. et al. Characterization and Genome Analysis of a Novel Marine Alteromonas Phage P24. Curr Microbiol 77, 2813–2820 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-020-02077-1

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