Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Disrupted pathways from frontal-parietal cortex to basal ganglia and cerebellum in patients with unmedicated obsessive compulsive disorder as observed by whole-brain resting-state effective connectivity analysis – a small sample pilot study

  • Original Research
  • Published:
Brain Imaging and Behavior Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Objective

To date, a systematic characterization of abnormalities in resting-state effective connectivity (rsEC) in obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is lacking. The present study aimed to systematically characterize whole-brain rsEC in OCD patients as compared to healthy controls.

Methods

Using resting-state fMRI data of 50 unmedicated patients with OCD and 50 healthy participants, we constructed whole-brain rsEC networks using Granger causality analysis followed by univariate and multivariate comparisons between patients and controls. Similar analyses were performed for resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) networks to examine how rsFC and rsEC differentially capture abnormal brain connectivity in OCD.

Results

Univariate comparisons identified 10 rsEC networks that were significantly disrupted in patients, and which were mainly associated with frontal-parietal cortex, basal ganglia, and cerebellum. Conversely, abnormal rsFC networks were widely distributed throughout the whole brain. Multivariate pattern analysis revealed a classification accuracy as high as 80.5% for distinguishing patients from controls using combined whole-brain rsEC and rsFC.

Conclusions

The results of the present study suggest disrupted communication of information from frontal-parietal cortex to basal ganglia and cerebellum in OCD patients. Using combined whole-brain rsEC and rsFC, multivariate pattern analysis revealed a classification accuracy as high as 80.5% for distinguishing patients from controls. The alterations observed in OCD patients could aid in identifying treatment mechanisms for OCD.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abe, Y., Sakai, Y., Nishida, S., Nakamae, T., Yamada, K., Fukui, K., et al. (2015). Hyper-influence of the orbitofrontal cortex over the ventral striatum in obsessive-compulsive disorder. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 25(11), 1898–1905.

  • Aggleton, J. P., O’Mara, S. M., Vann, S. D., Wright, N. F., Tsanov, M., & Erichsen, J. T. (2010). Hippocampal-anterior thalamic pathways for memory: uncovering a network of direct and indirect actions. European Journal of Neuroscience, 31(12), 2292–2307.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Atmaca, M., Yildirim, H., Ozdemir, H., Tezcan, E., & Poyraz, A. K. (2007). Volumetric MRI study of key brain regions implicated in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 31(1), 46–52.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Batistuzzo, M. C., Balardin, J. B., Martin Mda, G., Hoexter, M. Q., Bernardes, E. T., Borcato, S., et al. (2015). Reduced prefrontal activation in pediatric patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder during verbal episodic memory encoding. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 54(10), 849–858.

  • Beucke, J. C., Kaufmann, C., Linnman, C., Gruetzmann, R., Endrass, T., Deckersbach, T., et al. (2012). Altered cingulostriatal coupling in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Brain Connectivity, 2(4), 191–202.

  • Biezonski, D., Cha, J., Steinglass, J., & Posner, J. (2016). Evidence for thalamocortical circuit abnormalities and associated cognitive dysfunctions in underweight individuals with anorexia nervosa. Neuropsychopharmacology : Official Publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 41, 1560–1568.

  • Boedhoe, P. S., Schmaal, L., Abe, Y., Ameis, S. H., Arnold, P. D., Batistuzzo, M. C., et al. (2017). Distinct subcortical volume alterations in pediatric and adult OCD: a worldwide meta- and mega-analysis. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 174(1), 60–69.

  • Bostan, A. C., & Strick, P. L. (2010). The cerebellum and basal ganglia are interconnected. Neuropsychology Review, 20(3), 261–270.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Cano, M., Alonso, P., Martínez-Zalacaín, I., Subirà, M., Real, E., Segalàs, C., et al. (2018). Altered functional connectivity of the subthalamus and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychological Medicine, 48(6), 919–928.

  • Chao-Gan, Y., & Yu-Feng, Z. (2010). DPARSF: a MATLAB toolbox for “Pipeline” data analysis of resting-state fMRI. Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, 4, 13.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, G., Hamilton, J. P., Thomason, M. E., Gotlib, I. H., Saad, Z. S., & Cox, R. W. (2009) Granger causality via vector auto-regression tuned for fMRI data analysis. Paper presented at: Proc Intl Soc Mag Reson Med. 2009.

  • Chen, Y.-H., Li, S.-F., Lv, D., Zhu, G.-D., Wang, Y.-H., Meng, X., et al. (2018). Decreased intrinsic functional connectivity of the salience network in drug-naïve patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 12, 889.

  • Courchesne, E., & Allen, G. (1997). Prediction and preparation, fundamental functions of the cerebellum. Learning and Memory, 4(1), 1–35.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • De Smet, H. J., Baillieux, H., De Deyn, P. P., Mariën, P., & Paquier, P. (2007). The cerebellum and language: the story so far. Folia Phoniatrica Et Logopaedica, 59(4), 165–170.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • de Wit, S. J., van der Werf, Y. D., Mataix-Cols, D., Trujillo, J. P., van Oppen, P., Veltman, D. J., et al. (2015). Emotion regulation before and after transcranial magnetic stimulation in obsessive compulsive disorder. Psychological Medicine, 45(14), 3059–3073.

  • Dong, C., Yang, Q., Liang, J., Seger, C. A., Han, H., Ning, Y., et al. (2019). Impairment in the goal-directed corticostriatal learning system as a biomarker for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychological Medicine, 5, 1–11.

  • Eng, G. K., Sim, K., & Chen, S. H. (2015). Meta-analytic investigations of structural grey matter, executive domain-related functional activations, and white matter diffusivity in obsessive compulsive disorder: an integrative review. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 52, 233–257.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Everitt, B. J., & Robbins, T. W. (2005). Neural systems of reinforcement for drug addiction: from actions to habits to compulsion. Nature Neuroscience, 8(11), 1481–1489.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fan, L., Li, H., Zhuo, J., Zhang, Y., Wang, J., Chen, L., et al. (2016). The human brainnetome atlas: a new brain atlas based on connectional architecture. Cerebral Cortex, 26(8), 3508–3526.

  • Fox, M. D., Zhang, D., Snyder, A. Z., & Raichle, M. E. (2009). The global signal and observed anticorrelated resting state brain networks. Journal of Neurophysiology, 101(6), 3270–3283.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Friston, K. J. (2011). Functional and effective connectivity in neuroimaging: a synthesis. Brain Connectivity, 1(1), 13–36.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Geller, D. A., Biederman, J., Faraone, S., Agranat, A., Cradock, K., Hagermoser, L., et al. (2001). Developmental aspects of obsessive compulsive disorder: findings in children, adolescents, and adults. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 189, 471–477.

  • Gonçalves, O. F., Sousa, S., Carvalho, S., Leite, J., Ganho, A., Fernandes-Gonçalves, A., et al. (2017). Alterations of gray and white matter morphology in obsessive compulsive disorder. Psicothema, 29(1), 35–42.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goodman, W. K., Price, L. H., Rasmusson, S. A., Mazure, C., Delgado, P., Henninger, G. R., et al. (1989). The YaleBrown obsessive compulsive scale: I. Development, use, and reliability. Archives of General Psychiatry, 46, 1006–1011.

  • Goodman, W. K., Price, L. H., Rasmusson, S. A., Mazure, C., Delgado, P., Henninger, G. R., et al. (1989). Yale-Brown obsessive compulsive scale: II. Archives of General Psychiatry, 46, 1012–1018.

  • Göttlich, M., Krämer, U. M., Kordon, A., Hohagen, F., & Zurowski, B. (2014). Decreased limbic and increased fronto-parietal connectivity in unmedicated patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Human Brain Mapping, 35(11), 5617–5632.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Grant, J. E. (2014). Clinical practice: obsessive-compulsive disorder. New England Journal of Medicine, 371, 646–653.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gürsel, D. A., Avram, M., Sorg, C., Brandl, F., & Koch, K. (2018). Frontoparietal areas link impairments of large-scale intrinsic brain networks with aberrant fronto-striatal interactions in OCD: a meta-analysis of resting-state functional connectivity. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 87, 151–160.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Haber, S. N., & Calzavara, R. (2009). The cortico-basal ganglia integrative network: the role of the thalamus. Brain Research Bulletin, 78(2–3), 69–74.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hahn, K., Myers, N., Prigarin, S., Rodenacker, K., Kurz, A., Förstl, H., et al. (2013). Selectively and progressively disrupted structural connectivity of functional brain networks in Alzheimer’s disease - revealed by a novel framework to analyze edge distributions of networks detecting disruptions with strong statistical evidence. Neuroimage, 81, 96–109.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hamilton, M. (1959). The assessment of anxiety states by rating. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 32, 50–55.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hamilton, M. (1960). A rating scale for depression. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 23, 56–62.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Han, H. J., Jung, W. H., Yun, J. Y., Park, J. W., Cho, K. K., Hur, J. W., et al. (2016). Disruption of effective connectivity from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex to the orbitofrontal cortex by negative emotional distraction in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychological Medicine, 46(5), 921–932.

  • Haynes, W. I. A., Clair, A. H., Fernandez-Vidal, S., Gholipour, B., Morgiève, M., & Mallet, L. (2018). Altered anatomical connections of associative and limbic cortico-basal-ganglia circuits in obsessive-compulsive disorder. European Psychiatry, 51, 1–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • He, H., & Liu, T. T. (2012). A geometric view of global signal confounds in resting-state functional MRI. Neuroimage, 59(3), 2339–2348.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • He, X., Steinberg, E., Stefan, M., Fontaine, M., Simpson, H. B., & Marsh, R. (2018). Altered frontal interhemispheric and fronto-limbic structural connectivity in unmedicated adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Human Brain Mapping, 39(2), 803–810.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Henry, J. D. (2006). A meta-analytic review of Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and verbal fluency performance in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 11(2), 56–76. https://doi.org/10.1080/13546800444000227.

  • Hibar, D. P., Cheung, J. W., Medland, S. E., Mufford, M. S., Jahanshad, N., Dalvie, S., et al. (2018). Significant concordance of genetic variation that increases both the risk for obsessive-compulsive disorder and the volumes of the nucleus accumbens and putamen. British Journal of Psychiatry, 213, 430–436.

  • Hillebrandt, H., Dumontheil, I., Blakemore, S. J., & Roiser, J. P. (2013). Dynamic causal modelling of effective connectivity during perspective taking in a communicative task. Neuroimage, 76, 116–124.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hirschtritt, M. E., Bloch, M. H., & Mathews, C. A. (2017). Obsessive-compulsive disorder: advances in diagnosis and treatment. JAMA, 317, 1358–1367.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hu, X., Du, M., Chen, L., Li, L., Zhou, M., Zhang, L., et al. (2017). Meta-analytic investigations of common and distinct grey matter alterations in youths and adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 78, 91–103.

  • Iwabuchi, S. J., & Palaniyappan, L. (2017). Abnormalities in the effective connectivity of visuothalamic circuitry in schizophrenia. Psychological Medicine, 47(7), 1300–1310.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jung, W. H., Yücel, M., Yun, J. Y., Yoon, Y. B., Cho, K. I., Parkes, L., et al. (2017). Altered functional network architecture in orbitofronto-striato-thalamic circuit of unmedicated patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Human Brain Mapping, 38(1), 109–119.

  • Kong, X. Z., Boedhoe, P. S. W., Abe, Y., Alonso, P., Ameis, S. H., Arnold, P. D., et al. (2019) Mapping cortical and subcortical asymmetry in obsessive-compulsive disorder: findings from the ENIGMA consortium. Biological Psychiatry. 2019.

  • Kundu, P., Voon, V., Balchandani, P., Lombardo, M. V., Poser, B. A., & Bandettini, P. A. (2017). Multi-echo fMRI: a review of applications in fMRI denoising and analysis of BOLD signals. Neuroimage, 154, 59–80.

  • Lambrecq, V., Rotge, J. Y., Jaafari, N., Aouizerate, B., Langbour, N., Bioulac, B., et al. (2014). Differential role of visuospatial working memory in the propensity toward uncertainty in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and in healthy subjects. Psychological Medicine, 44, 2113–2124.

  • Li, K., Zhang, H., Yang, Y., Zhu, J., Wang, B., Shi, Y., et al. (2019). Abnormal functional network of the thalamic subregions in adult patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behavioural Brain Research, 371, 111982.

  • Middleton, F. A., & Strick, P. L. (2000). Basal ganglia and cerebellar loops: motor and cognitive circuits. Brain Research Reviews, 31(2), 236–250.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mink, J. W. (1996). The basal ganglia: focused selection and inhibition of competing motor programs. Progress in Neurobiology, 50(4), 381–425.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moody, T. D., Morfini, F., Cheng, G., Sheen, C., Tadayonnejad, R., Reggente, N., et al. (2017). Mechanisms of cognitive-behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder involve robust and extensive increases in brain network connectivity. Translational Psychiatry, 7(9), e1230.

  • Moreira, P. S., Marques, P., Soriano-Mas, C., Magalhães, R., Sousa, N., Soares, J. M., & Morgado, P. (2017). The neural correlates of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a multimodal perspective. Translation Psychiatry, 7, e1224.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morton, S. M., & Bastian, A. J. (2004). Cerebellar control of balance and locomotion. The Neuroscientist : a Review Journal Bringing Neurobiology, Neurology and Psychiatry, 10(3), 247–259.

  • Murphy, K., Birn, R. M., Handwerker, D. A., Jones, T. B., & Bandettini, P. A. (2009). The impact of global signal regression on resting state correlations: are anti-correlated networks introduced? Neuroimage, 44(3), 893–905.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Murphy, M. J. (2015). Attitudes concerning clinical molecular testing among dermatology trainees at a single institution. The American Journal of Dermatopathology, 37(7), 590. https://doi.org/10.1097/DAD.0000000000000136.

  • Naaijen, J., Lythgoe, D. J., Amiri, H., Buitelaar, J. K., & Glennon, J. C. (2015). Fronto-striatal glutamatergic compounds in compulsive and impulsive syndromes: a review of magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 52, 74–88.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nakao, T., Nakagawa, A., Nakatani, E., Nabeyama, M., Sanematsu, H., Yoshiura, T., et al. (2009). Working memory dysfunction in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a neuropsychological and functional MRI study. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 43(8), 784–791.

  • Nakao, T., Okada, K., & Kanba, S. (2014). Neurobiological model of obsessive-compulsive disorder: evidence from recent neuropsychological and neuroimaging findings. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 68(8), 587–605.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nalci, A., Rao, B. D., & Liu, T. T. (2017). Global signal regression acts as a temporal downweighting process in resting-state fMRI. Neuroimage, 152, 602–618.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Noh, H. J., Tang, R., Flannick, J., O’Dushlaine, C., Swofford, R., Howrigan, D., et al. (2017). Integrating evolutionary and regulatory information with a multispecies approach implicates genes and pathways in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Nature Communications, 8, 774.

  • Palaniyappan, L., Simmonite, M., White, T. P., Liddle, E. B., & Liddle, P. F. (2013). Neural primacy of the salience processing system in schizophrenia. Neuron, 79(4), 814–828.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parmar, A., & Sarkar, S. (2016). Neuroimaging studies in obsessive compulsive disorder: a narrative review. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 38(5), 386–394.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Pelzer, E. A., Melzer, C., Timmermann, L., von Cramon, D. Y., & Tittgemeyer, M. (2017). Basal ganglia and cerebellar interconnectivity within the human thalamus. Brain Structure and Function, 222(1), 381–392. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-016-1223-z

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Peng, Z., Shi, F., Shi, C., Yang, Q., Chan, R. C., & Shen, D. (2014). Disrupted cortical network as a vulnerability marker for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Brain Structure and Function, 219(5), 1801–1812.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Posner, J., Marsh, R., Maia, T. V., Peterson, B. S., Gruber, A. . Bl. air, & Simpson, H. (2014). Reduced functional connectivity within the limbic cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical loop in unmedicated adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Human Brain Mapping, 35, 2852–2860.

  • Posner, J., Song, I., Lee, S., Rodriguez, C. I., Moore, H., Marsh, R., & Blair Simpson, H. (2017). Increased functional connectivity between the default mode and salience networks in unmedicated adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Human Brain Mapping, 38, 678–687.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pujol, J., Blanco-Hinojo, L., Maciá, D., Alonso, P., Harrison, B. J., Martínez-Vilavella, G., et al. (2019). Mapping alterations of the functional structure of the cerebral cortex in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Cerebral Cortex. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhz008.

  • Ravizza, S. M., Mccormick, C. A., Schlerf, J. E., Justus, T., Ivry, R. B., & Fiez, J. A. (2006). Cerebellar damage produces selective deficits in verbal working memory. Brain, 129(Pt 2), 306–320.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Remijnse, P. L., Nielen, M. M., van Balkom, A. J., Hendriks, G. J., Hoogendijk, W. J., Uylings, H. B., et al. (2009). Differential frontal-striatal and paralimbic activity during reversal learning in major depressive disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychological Medicine, 39(9), 1503–1518.

  • Roalf, D. R., & Gur, R. C. (2017). Functional brain imaging in neuropsychology over the past 25 years. Neuropsychology, 31(8), 954–971.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenberg, D. R., Keshavan, M. S., Dick, E. L., Bagwell, W. W., MacMaster, F. P., & Birmaher, B. (1997). Decreased intrinsic functional connectivity of the salience network in drug-naïve patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 21, 1269–1283. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0278-5846(97)00163-2.

  • Sale, M. V., Mattingley, J. B., Zalesky, A., & Cocchi, L. (2015). Imaging human brain networks to improve the clinical efficacy of non-invasive brain stimulation. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 57, 187–198.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schlösser, R., Gesierich, T., Kaufmann, B., Vucurevic, G., Hunsche, S., Gawehn, J., et al. (2003). Altered effective connectivity during working memory performance in schizophrenia: a study with fMRI and structural equation modeling. NeuroImage, 19(3), 751–763.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shatner, M., Havazelet-Heimer, G., Raz, A., & Bergman, H. (2002) Cognitive Decision Processes and Functional Characteristics of the Basal Ganglia Reward System. In the Basal Ganglia VI. Edited by Graybiel et al, Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 2002.

  • Shin, D. J., Jung, W. H., He, Y., Wang, J., Shim, G., Byun, M. S., et al. (2014). The effects of pharmacological treatment on functional brain connectome in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 75(8), 606–614.

  • Sladky, R., Höflich, A., Küblböck, M., Kraus, C., Baldinger, P., Moser, E., et al. (2015). Disrupted effective connectivity between the amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex in social anxiety disorder during emotion discrimination revealed by dynamic causal modeling for FMRI. Cerebral Cortex, 25(4), 895–903.

  • Stern, E. R., Welsh, R. C., Fitzgerald, K. D., Gehring, W. J., Lister, J. J., Himle, J. A., et al. (2011). Hyperactive error responses and altered connectivity in ventromedial and frontoinsular cortices in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 69(6), 583–591.

  • Szeszko, P. R., Ardekani, B. A., Ashtari, M., Malhotra, A. K., Robinson, D. G., Bilder, R. M., et al. (2005). White matter abnormalities in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a diffusion tensor imaging study. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62(7), 782–790.

  • Tzourio-Mazoyer, N., Landeau, B., Papathanassiou, D., Crivello, F., Etard, O., Delcroix, N., et al. (2002). Automated anatomical labeling of activations in SPM using a macroscopic anatomical parcellation of the MNI MRI single-subject brain. Neuroimage, 15(1), 273–289.

  • Vaghi, M. M., Vértes, P. E., Kitzbichler, M. G., Apergis-Schoute, A. M., van der Flier, F. E., Fineberg, N. A., et al. (2017). Specific Frontostriatal Circuits for Impaired Cognitive Flexibility and Goal-Directed Planning in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Evidence From Resting-State Functional Connectivity. Biological Psychiatry, 81(8), 708–717.

  • van den Heuvel, O. A., Veltman, D. J., Groenewegen, H. J., Cath, D. C., van Balkom, A. J., van Hartskamp, J., et al. (2005). Frontal-striatal dysfunction during planning in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62(3), 301–309.

  • Vann, S. D., Aggleton, J. P., & Maguire, E. A. (2009). What does the retrosplenial cortex do? Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 10(11), 792–802.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, X., Li, F., Zheng, H., Wang, W., Zhang, W., Liu, Z., et al. (2015). Breakdown of the striatal-default mode network loop in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 168(1–2), 366–372.

  • Wang, Y., Bernanke, J., Peterson, B. S., McGrath, P., Stewart, J., Chen, Y., Lee, S., Wall, M., Bastidas, V., Hong, S., Rutherford, B. R., Hellerstein, D. J., & Posner, J. (2019). The association between antidepressant treatment and brain connectivity in two double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials: a treatment mechanism study. Lancet Psychiatry, 6, 667–674.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weidt, S., Lutz, J., Rufer, M., Delsignore, A., Jakob, N. J., Herwig, U., et al. (2016). Common and differential alterations of general emotion processing in obsessive-compulsive and social anxiety disorder. Psychological Medicine, 46, 1427–1436.

  • Welter, M. L., Burbaud, P., Fernandez-Vidal, S., Bardinet, E., Coste, J., Piallat, B., et al. (2011). Basal ganglia dysfunction in OCD: subthalamic neuronal activity correlates with symptoms severity and predicts high-frequency stimulation efficacy. Translation Psychiatry, 1, e5.

  • Wexler, B. E., & Goodman, W. K. (1991). Cerebral laterality, perception of emotion, and treatment response in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 29, 900–908.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xu, T., Zhao, Q., Wang, P., Fan, Q., Chen, J., Zhang, H., et al. (2019). Altered resting-state cerebellar-cerebral functional connectivity in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychological Medicine, 49(7), 1156–1165.

  • Yilmaz, Z., Halvorsen, M., Bryois, J., Yu, D., Thornton, L. M., Zerwas, S., et al. (2018) Examination of the shared genetic basis of anorexia nervosa and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Molecular Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-018-0115-4.

  • Young, K. S., van der Velden, A. M., Craske, M. G., Pallesen, K. J., Fjorback, L., Roepstorff, A., et al. (2018). The impact of mindfulness-based interventions on brain activity: a systematic review of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 84, 424–433.

  • Yuan, L., He, H., Zhang, H., & Zhong, J. (2016). Evaluating the Influence of Spatial Resampling for Motion Correction in Resting-State Functional MRI. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 10, 591.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Zhong, Z., Yang, X., Cao, R., Li, P., Li, Z., Lv, L., & Zhang, D. (2019). Abnormalities of white matter microstructure in unmedicated patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: changes after cognitive behavioral therapy. Brain and Behavior, 9(2), e01201.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Zhong, Z., Zhao, T., Luo, J., Guo, Z., Guo, M., Li, P., et al. (2014). Abnormal topological organization in white matter structural networks revealed by diffusion tensor tractography in unmedicated patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 51, 39–50.

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by grants from Heilongjiang Science and Technology Project (H2015063 to W.L), Harbin Medical University Project to W.L., the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81871052 to C.Z., 81801679), the Key Projects of the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin, China (17JCZDJC35700 to C.Z.), the Tianjin Health Bureau Foundation (2014KR02 to C.Z.), Zhejiang Public Welfare Fund Project (LGF18H090002 to D.J.), and the key project of Wenzhou Science and Technology Bureau (ZS2017011 to X.L.).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry, Harbin Medical University Affiliated First Hospital, Harbin, 150036, China

    Wei Liu, Jun Qin, Qiuju Tang & Yunyi Han

  2. School of Medical Imaging and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300074, China

    Minghui Hua

  3. Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetics-Comorbidity Laboratory (PNGC-Lab), Tianjin Mental Health Centre, Tianjin Anding Hospital China, Tianjin, 300222, China

    Hongjun Tian & Daxiang Lian

  4. Co-collaboration Laboratory of China and Canada, Xiamen Xianyue Hospital and University of Alberta, Xiamen, 361000, China

    Zhengqing Zhang & Wenqiang Wang

  5. Department of Medical Imaging Center, Tjianjin Children Hospital, Tianjin, 300305, China

    Chunxiang Wang

  6. Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetics Laboratory (PNG-Lab), Wenzhou Seventh people’s Hospital, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China

    Ce Chen, Deguo Jiang & Xiaodong Lin

  7. School of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272119, Shandong Province, China

    Gongying Li

  8. School of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Collaboration of Psychiatric Neuro-Imaging Center, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272191, Shandong Province, China

    Chuanjun Zhuo

  9. Psychiatric-Neuroimaging-Genetics-Comorbidity Laboratory, Tianjin Mental Health Centre, Mental Health Teaching Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Anding Hospital, China, Tianjin, 300222, China

    Chuanjun Zhuo

Authors
  1. Wei Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Minghui Hua
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Jun Qin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Qiuju Tang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Yunyi Han
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Hongjun Tian
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Daxiang Lian
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Zhengqing Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Wenqiang Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Chunxiang Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  11. Ce Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  12. Deguo Jiang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  13. Gongying Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  14. Xiaodong Lin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  15. Chuanjun Zhuo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Chuanjun Zhuo.

Ethics declarations

Ethical approval

This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Harbin Medical University-Tianjin and Hospital-Xiamen Xianyue Hospital-Jining Medical University Joint Project.

Informed consent

Written informed consent form was obtained from all participants before data acquisition.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Electronic supplementary material

ESM 1

(DOC 60 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Liu, W., Hua, M., Qin, J. et al. Disrupted pathways from frontal-parietal cortex to basal ganglia and cerebellum in patients with unmedicated obsessive compulsive disorder as observed by whole-brain resting-state effective connectivity analysis – a small sample pilot study. Brain Imaging and Behavior 15, 1344–1354 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11682-020-00333-3

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11682-020-00333-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation